Abstract
As timely germination of seeds is crucial to crop yield and quality, the low germination percentage for direct seeding in rice and preharvest sprouting during the late stage of maturity have extremely adverse effects on rice production. Herein, we found that an aquaporin gene OsPIP2-1 was significantly expressed during rice seed germination. The OsPIP2-1 overexpression seeds showed a higher germination rate, while the knockout lines showed a delayed germination phenotype, indicating that this gene positively regulates seed germination. Furthermore, in seeds of OsPIP2-1 overexpression and knockout lines, the activity of α-amylase and the expression of its encoding genes, OsAmy1C and OsAmy1E, were respectively enhanced and suppressed. When OsAmy3C was knocked out in the OsPIP2-1 overexpression lines, seed germination was significantly inhibited. Also, the germination of seeds with OsAmy3C knocked out in the wild-type background was delayed, and the expression level of OsPIP2-1 in these seeds remained almost unchanged during germination, suggesting that OsPIP2-1 is upstream of OsAmy1C. In addition, the ABA-biosynthesis genes OsNCED2/3 were reduced in OsPIP2-1 overexpression lines but raised in knockouts, while the ABA-catabolism gene OsABA8ox1-3 exhibited the opposite trend. Moreover, we have also applied nanosilver, a potential inhibitor of aquaporins, which effectively delays rice seed germination. At the molecular level, the expression of OsPIP2-1 in transcriptional and translational levels was significantly decreased by AgNPs. Meanwhile, the expression of α-amylase and its gene expression were also inhibited by AgNPs. In conclusion, OsPIP2-1 positively regulates rice seed germination by regulating OsAmy3C and α-amylase. It can enhance seed germination vigor in direct-seeded rice cultivation. Nanosilver delays germination by affecting OsPIP2-1 and α-amylase, thus offering a potential strategy for preventing preharvest sprouting.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
OsPIP2-1 was significantly expressed during rice seed germination.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- seed germinatione0
- Gene
- OsPIP2-1e0
- Outcome
- OsPIP2-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an aquaporin gene OsPIP2-1 was significantly expressed during rice seed germination.”
Claim · model-written summary
OsPIP2-1 overexpression increased rice germination rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- OsPIP2-1 overexpressione0
- Gene
- OsPIP2-1e0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The OsPIP2-1 overexpression seeds showed a higher germination rate, while the knockout lines showed a delayed germination phenotype”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsPIP2-1 knockout delayed rice germination.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- knockout linese0
- Gene
- OsPIP2-1e0
- Outcome
- germination phenotypee0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The OsPIP2-1 overexpression seeds showed a higher germination rate, while the knockout lines showed a delayed germination phenotype”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsPIP2-1 overexpression enhanced rice α-amylase activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- OsPIP2-1 overexpressione0
- Gene
- α-amylasee0
- Outcome
- activity of α-amylasee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in seeds of OsPIP2-1 overexpression and knockout lines, the activity of α-amylase and the expression of its encoding genes, OsAmy1C and OsAmy1E, were respectively enhanced and suppressed.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsPIP2-1 knockout suppressed rice α-amylase activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- knockout linese0
- Outcome
- activity of α-amylasee0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in seeds of OsPIP2-1 overexpression and knockout lines, the activity of α-amylase and the expression of its encoding genes, OsAmy1C and OsAmy1E, were respectively enhanced and suppressed.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsPIP2-1 overexpression enhanced expression of OsAmy1C and OsAmy1E.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- OsPIP2-1 overexpressione0
- Outcome
- expression of its encoding genes, OsAmy1C and OsAmy1Ee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in seeds of OsPIP2-1 overexpression and knockout lines, the activity of α-amylase and the expression of its encoding genes, OsAmy1C and OsAmy1E, were respectively enhanced and suppressed.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsPIP2-1 knockout suppressed expression of OsAmy1C and OsAmy1E.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- knockout linese0
- Outcome
- expression of its encoding genes, OsAmy1C and OsAmy1Ee0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in seeds of OsPIP2-1 overexpression and knockout lines, the activity of α-amylase and the expression of its encoding genes, OsAmy1C and OsAmy1E, were respectively enhanced and suppressed.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsAmy3C knockout inhibited germination in OsPIP2-1 overexpression lines.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- OsAmy3C was knocked oute0
- Gene
- OsAmy3Ce0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When OsAmy3C was knocked out in the OsPIP2-1 overexpression lines, seed germination was significantly inhibited.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsAmy3C knockout delayed wild-type rice seed germination.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- OsAmy3C knocked oute0
- Outcome
- germination of seedse0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Comparator
- wild-type backgrounde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the germination of seeds with OsAmy3C knocked out in the wild-type background was delayed”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsPIP2-1 expression remained almost unchanged in OsAmy3C knockout seeds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsPIP2-1e0
- Outcome
- expression level of OsPIP2-1e0
- Direction
- almost unchangede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression level of OsPIP2-1 in these seeds remained almost unchanged during germination”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsPIP2-1 overexpression reduced OsNCED2/3 expression.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- OsPIP2-1 overexpression linese0
- Outcome
- ABA-biosynthesis genes OsNCED2/3e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ABA-biosynthesis genes OsNCED2/3 were reduced in OsPIP2-1 overexpression lines but raised in knockouts”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsPIP2-1 knockout raised OsNCED2/3 expression.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- knockoutse0
- Outcome
- ABA-biosynthesis genes OsNCED2/3e0
- Direction
- raisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ABA-biosynthesis genes OsNCED2/3 were reduced in OsPIP2-1 overexpression lines but raised in knockouts”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsABA8ox1-3 showed the opposite trend to OsNCED2/3.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- ABA-catabolism gene OsABA8ox1-3e0
- Direction
- opposite trende0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ABA-catabolism gene OsABA8ox1-3 exhibited the opposite trend.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanosilver delayed rice seed germination.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nanosilvere0
- Outcome
- rice seed germinatione0
- Direction
- delayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nanosilver, a potential inhibitor of aquaporins, which effectively delays rice seed germination.”
Claim · model-written summary
AgNPs decreased OsPIP2-1 transcriptional and translational expression.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AgNPse0
- Outcome
- expression of OsPIP2-1e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of OsPIP2-1 in transcriptional and translational levels was significantly decreased by AgNPs.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AgNPs inhibited α-amylase expression and its gene expression.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AgNPse0
- Outcome
- expression of α-amylase and its gene expressione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of α-amylase and its gene expression were also inhibited by AgNPs.”
t0“rice”
The same questions in other papers
nanoparticle · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 132 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
140 papers more in this group
See all 144 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.