Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) is one of the major cereal crops grown for its food and feed values. It is one of the most important staple foods providing calories for consumers and income for traders, but pest complex as major constraints to its production. The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda and Lepidopteran stem borers are the most devastating pests of maize. In view of the recent arrival of the fall armyworm in 2016 in Africa, there is paucity of information on the distribution and abundance together with stem borers in Cameroon. This study was conducted to generate baseline information on the effect of fall armyworm and stem borers, distribution, population dynamics and damage on maize in Buea. The study was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture Teaching and Research Farm, University of Buea. There were 3 treatments including control. (Control (Traps only), Trap + wood ash and Trap + detasseling) replicated thrice and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Two varieties of maize; UBMS0001 and CMS8704 were used in the study and baited traps were deployed in maize fields, hung on wooden poles at an approximate height of about 1.5 m above ground, to assess moth’s population and variations over time. Captured moth species were counted, and the attractant renewed weekly. Wood ash was applied gently on the leaves and stems of the plants manually soon as infestation was detected. Detasseling was done when the maize had tasseled because the 1st and 2nd instar larvae of the pests go up the tassel to feed on the pollen. The incidence of damaged plants abundance was monitored by visual sampling using the following indicators: exit holes on stems, frass, dead heart, lodged plants, irregular damage (cuts) on leaves in each maize variety. The findings of this study indicate that, more insects were found on the maize variety UBMS0001 compared to CMS8704, the mean number of plants damaged by fall armyworm and stem borers was higher for UBMS 0001 compared to CMS8704 but UBMS0001 had a higher yield compared to CMS8704.The results demonstrated that catches increased steadily from time of plants emergence and afterwards, catches declined significantly when the plants were growing into the reproductive stage. The larvae of three species which affects the growth and development of maize were observed in the stems of both maize varieties at harvest: the whitish purple Busseola fusca larvae, the dark to blackish Eldana saccharina and the pink Sesamia calamistis larvae, Eldana saccharina being the most abundant species. A higher number of FAW, Stem borers and damaged plants during the rainy season compared to the dry season was recorded. According to the results of this study, the performance of trap + detasseling on the yield of maize was significantly better than most of the other treatments. There was a higher number of damaged plants of 78 in the rainy season as compared to 55 in the dry season caused by FAW and 19 in the rainy season as compared to 10 in the dry season by stem borers. From the results of this study, the combined effect of trapping and detasseling (Trap + Detasseling) against fall armyworm and stem borers was significantly better than most of the other treatments.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
UBMS0001 had more insects than CMS8704.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more insects were found on the maize variety UBMS0001 compared to CMS8704”
e1“Maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
UBMS0001 had more plants damaged by fall armyworm and stem borers than CMS8704.
- Material
- UBMS 0001e0
- Interactor
- fall armyworm
.jpg?width=60)
Spodoptera frugiperdae0pest - Second interactor
- stem borerse0pest
- Outcome
- mean number of plants damaged by fall armyworm and stem borerse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- CMS8704e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the mean number of plants damaged by fall armyworm and stem borers was higher for UBMS 0001 compared to CMS8704”
e1“Maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
UBMS0001 yielded more than CMS8704.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UBMS0001 had a higher yield compared to CMS8704”
e1“Maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Moth catches increased steadily after maize emergence.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“catches increased steadily from time of plants emergence”
e1“Maize (Zea mays)”
e2“to assess moth’s population”
Claim · model-written summary
Moth catches declined significantly during maize reproductive growth.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“catches declined significantly when the plants were growing into the reproductive stage”
e1“Maize (Zea mays)”
e2“to assess moth’s population”
Claim · model-written summary
Busseola fusca larvae were present in stems of both maize varieties at harvest.
- Organ / stage
- stemse1
- Interactor
- Busseola fusca
Busseola fuscae0pest - Outcome
- were observed in the stemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the whitish purple Busseola fusca larvae”
e1“The larvae of three species which affects the growth and development of maize were observed in the stems of both maize varieties at harvest”
e2“Maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Eldana saccharina larvae were present in stems of both maize varieties at harvest and were most abundant.
- Interactor
- Eldana saccharina
Eldana saccharinae0pest - Outcome
- were observed in the stemse1
- Direction
- most abundante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eldana saccharina being the most abundant species”
e1“The larvae of three species which affects the growth and development of maize were observed in the stems of both maize varieties at harvest”
e2“Maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesamia calamistis larvae were present in stems of both maize varieties at harvest.
- Interactor
- Sesamia calamistisSesamia calamistise0pest
- Outcome
- were observed in the stemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pink Sesamia calamistis larvae”
e1“The larvae of three species which affects the growth and development of maize were observed in the stems of both maize varieties at harvest”
e2“Maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall armyworm abundance was higher in the rainy season than the dry season.
- Interactor
- FAWe0pest
- Outcome
- number of FAWe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- dry seasone0
- Setting
- rainy seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A higher number of FAW, Stem borers and damaged plants during the rainy season compared to the dry season was recorded”
e1“Maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem borer abundance was higher in the rainy season than the dry season.
- Interactor
- Stem borerse0pest
- Outcome
- Stem borerse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- dry seasone0
- Setting
- rainy seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A higher number of FAW, Stem borers and damaged plants during the rainy season compared to the dry season was recorded”
e1“Maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall armyworm damaged 78 maize plants in the rainy season versus 55 in the dry season.
- Interactor
- FAWe0pest
- Outcome
- damaged plantse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 78e0
- Qualifier
- 55 in the dry seasone0
- Setting
- rainy seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a higher number of damaged plants of 78 in the rainy season as compared to 55 in the dry season caused by FAW”
e1“Maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem borers damaged 19 maize plants in the rainy season versus 10 in the dry season.
- Interactor
- stem borerse0pest
- Outcome
- damaged plantse2
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 19e0
- Qualifier
- 10 in the dry seasone0
- Setting
- rainy seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“19 in the rainy season as compared to 10 in the dry season by stem borers”
e1“Maize (Zea mays)”
e2“number of damaged plants”
e3“A higher number of FAW, Stem borers and damaged plants during the rainy season compared to the dry season was recorded”
Claim · model-written summary
Trap plus detasseling yielded significantly better maize performance than most other treatments.
- Treatment
- trap + detasselinge0
- Outcome
- yield of maizee0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- most of the other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the performance of trap + detasseling on the yield of maize was significantly better than most of the other treatments”
e1“Maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Trap plus detasseling controlled fall armyworm and stem borers significantly better than most other treatments.
- Treatment
- Trap + Detasselinge0
- Interactor
- fall armywormSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Second interactor
- stem borerse0pest
- Outcome
- against fall armyworm and stem borerse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- most of the other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trapping and detasseling (Trap + Detasseling) against fall armyworm and stem borers was significantly better than most of the other treatments”
e1“Maize (Zea mays)”
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