Abstract
Integrated application of chemical fertilizers with organic manure might improve crop yields and N-use efficiency (NUE, grain yield per unit N uptake), but the underlying physiological mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of combined inorganic and organic fertilizers on wheat biomass allocation, root growth, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) translocation, leaf senescence, N uptake, and their relationship with yield and NUE. We established a 2-year factorial field experiment with five nutrient treatments with ratios of inorganic: organic fertilizers from 0 to 1, and three varieties—two new: Weilong169 and Zhongmai578; and one reference: Xiaoyan22. The yield ranged from 3469 to 8095 kg ha−1, and it generally declined in response to a higher proportion of organic fertilizer. The NUE increased when there was a higher proportion of organic fertilizer. Weilong169 exhibited higher NUE than Zhongmai578, and both new cultivars outperformed the reference variety in the N harvest index. The yield correlated with leaf senescence traits and harvest index, and NUE was associated with WSC translocation and N uptake. The combination of fertilizers with a low portion of organic maintained yield and improved NUE; Weilong169 had the highest yield, NUE, and N harvest index. A low portion of organic manure substitution for chemical fertilizer suited all varieties. A new variety with a higher yield, N harvest index, and NUE highlights the importance of N traits in breeding programs.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield ranged from 3469 to 8095 kg per hectare across treatments.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- yielde1
- Value
- 3469 to 8095 kg ha−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Responses to Combined Inorganic and Organic Sources of Nitrogen in Wheat”
e1“The yield ranged from 3469 to 8095 kg ha−1, and it generally declined in response to a higher proportion of organic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield generally declined as the proportion of organic fertilizer increased.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher proportion of organic fertilizere1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- declinede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Responses to Combined Inorganic and Organic Sources of Nitrogen in Wheat”
e1“The yield ranged from 3469 to 8095 kg ha−1, and it generally declined in response to a higher proportion of organic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
NUE increased as the proportion of organic fertilizer increased.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher proportion of organic fertilizere2
- Outcome
- NUEe2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Responses to Combined Inorganic and Organic Sources of Nitrogen in Wheat”
e2“The NUE increased when there was a higher proportion of organic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Weilong169 had higher NUE than Zhongmai578.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Weilong169e3
- Outcome
- NUEe3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- Zhongmai578e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Responses to Combined Inorganic and Organic Sources of Nitrogen in Wheat”
e3“Weilong169 exhibited higher NUE than Zhongmai578, and both new cultivars outperformed the reference variety in the N harvest index”
Claim · model-written summary
Both new wheat cultivars outperformed the reference variety in N harvest index.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- N harvest indexe3
- Direction
- outperformede3
- Comparator
- reference varietye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Responses to Combined Inorganic and Organic Sources of Nitrogen in Wheat”
e3“Weilong169 exhibited higher NUE than Zhongmai578, and both new cultivars outperformed the reference variety in the N harvest index”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield was correlated with leaf senescence traits and harvest index.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaf senescence traitse4
- Outcome
- yielde4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Responses to Combined Inorganic and Organic Sources of Nitrogen in Wheat”
e4“The yield correlated with leaf senescence traits and harvest index, and NUE was associated with WSC translocation and N uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
NUE was associated with WSC translocation and N uptake.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- WSCe4
- Outcome
- NUEe4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Responses to Combined Inorganic and Organic Sources of Nitrogen in Wheat”
e4“The yield correlated with leaf senescence traits and harvest index, and NUE was associated with WSC translocation and N uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of fertilizers with a low portion of organic maintained wheat yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combination of fertilizers with a low portion of organice5
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Direction
- maintainede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Responses to Combined Inorganic and Organic Sources of Nitrogen in Wheat”
e5“The combination of fertilizers with a low portion of organic maintained yield and improved NUE”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of fertilizers with a low portion of organic improved NUE.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combination of fertilizers with a low portion of organice5
- Outcome
- NUEe5
- Direction
- improvede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Responses to Combined Inorganic and Organic Sources of Nitrogen in Wheat”
e5“The combination of fertilizers with a low portion of organic maintained yield and improved NUE”
Claim · model-written summary
Weilong169 had the highest yield, NUE and N harvest index.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Weilong169e6
- Outcome
- yield, NUE, and N harvest indexe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Responses to Combined Inorganic and Organic Sources of Nitrogen in Wheat”
e6“Weilong169 had the highest yield, NUE, and N harvest index”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend a low portion of organic manure substitution for chemical fertilizer, which suited all varieties.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- A low portion of organic manure substitution for chemical fertilizere7
- Outcome
- suited all varietiese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Responses to Combined Inorganic and Organic Sources of Nitrogen in Wheat”
e7“A low portion of organic manure substitution for chemical fertilizer suited all varieties”
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See all 3,438 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.