Abstract
Plant roots harbor a large number of fungi that play an important role both in agroecosystems and natural ecosystems. These fungi can be plant pathogenic, parasitic, saprotrophic or mutualistic. The root-associated fungi are involved in various ecological processes in root ecosystems, such as improving plant nutrient uptake, cycling organic carbon, suppressing plant diseases and enhancing plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. In turn, the community and structure of root-associated fungi maybe influenced by rhizosphere conditions such as plant health status, plant growth stage and nutritional status of the plant and soil environments. However, limited information is available about the richness and composition of most of these root-associated fungi as studies of fungal communities remain a challenge because of below-ground high taxonomic and ecological diversity. In the present study, Pisum sativum was used as a model crop to study fungal community structure associated with roots under different environmental conditions. Three individual experiments were conducted in order to study root-associated fungal community structure in relation to root-internal factors in terms of plant health status and plant growth stage and, to a root-external condition in terms of organic fertilization. For identification and semi-quantification of fungal taxa, pyrosequencing combined with DNA barcode technology was applied in this study. Two primer sets (ITS1F/ITS2 and ITS1F/ITS4) from ITS regions were used to generate amplicon reads. Beside the molecular approach, classical fungal identification by microscopy after root staining was also applied. The CLOTU program from the Bioportal package was used for sequence quality control and sequence identification in GenBank. For the statistical analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used in the measurement of plant growth parameters and relative abundance of root-associated fungi, and principle component analysis (PCA) was used to examine the response of communities of root fungi to the plant and soil environmental factors. vi The three studies showed that root-associated fungal communities were highly diverse and significantly influenced by plant and soil environmental factors, and results supported the hypotheses that the relative abundance of dominant fungal groups differed between healthy and diseased plants, altered according to plant growth stage and responded significantly to different organic fertilizer dosages. In the study of root fungi in relation to plant health status, the richness and abundance of fungal community structures showed clear differences in roots grown in the four soils employed, whereas fungal richness did not correlate with plant health status. A clear succession pattern of rootassociated fungi was formed in pea during the vegetative, flowering and senescence plant growth stages. Pathogenic and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi dominated during the vegetative growth stage, whereas saprotrophic fungi dominated during senescence, suggesting that fungal species have different strategies for obtaining organic energy from their host plant. The last study was focused on how soil organic amendments regulated fungal community, generally, the distribution of fungal groups revealed their ecological functional traits; thus obligate biotrophic fungi and saprotrophic fungi were markedly increased with organic fertilizer dosages, while root pathogenic fungi were decreased with organic amendments. In conclusion, the present work has shown that root-associated fungal community structure relate to plant and soil environmental factors. The obtained knowledge from this study can provide novel information of communities of root-associated fungi; thus improving the basic understanding of plant-root fungi-environment interactions in agroecosystems.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Pea root fungal communities were highly diverse.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum
Lathyrus oleraceust0 - Outcome
- root-associated fungal communitiese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root-associated fungal communities were highly diverse”
t0“Pisum sativum”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant and soil conditions significantly influenced pea root fungal communities.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- root-associated fungal communitiese0
- Setting
- plant and soil environmental factorse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root-associated fungal communities were highly diverse and significantly influenced by plant and soil environmental factors”
t0“Pisum sativum”
Claim · model-written summary
Dominant fungal groups differed between healthy and diseased pea plants.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- relative abundance of dominant fungal groupse0
- Direction
- differede0
- Comparator
- healthy and diseased plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the relative abundance of dominant fungal groups differed between healthy and diseased plants”
t0“Pisum sativum”
Claim · model-written summary
Dominant fungal groups changed with pea growth stage.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- plant growth stagee0
- Outcome
- root fungit0
- Direction
- alterede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“altered according to plant growth stage”
t0“Response of root fungi in Pisum sativum to plant and soil environmental factors”
Claim · model-written summary
Dominant fungal groups responded significantly to organic fertilizer dosage.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- different organic fertilizer dosagese0
- Outcome
- root fungit0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responded significantly to different organic fertilizer dosages”
t0“Response of root fungi in Pisum sativum to plant and soil environmental factors”
Claim · model-written summary
Root fungal richness and abundance differed across four soils.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- richness and abundance of fungal community structurese0
- Direction
- clear differencese0
- Setting
- four soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the richness and abundance of fungal community structures showed clear differences in roots grown in the four soils employed”
t0“Pisum sativum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal richness did not correlate with pea health status.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- fungal richnesse0
- Direction
- did not correlatee0
- Comparator
- plant health statuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fungal richness did not correlate with plant health status”
t0“Pisum sativum”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea root fungi showed succession across vegetative, flowering and senescence stages.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative, flowering and senescence plant growth stagese0
- Outcome
- succession pattern of rootassociated fungie0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A clear succession pattern of rootassociated fungi was formed in pea during the vegetative, flowering and senescence plant growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogenic and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi dominated at the vegetative stage.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative growth stagee0
- Outcome
- Pathogenic and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi dominatede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pathogenic and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi dominated during the vegetative growth stage”
t0“Pisum sativum”
Claim · model-written summary
Saprotrophic fungi dominated during pea senescence.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- senescencee0
- Outcome
- saprotrophic fungi dominatede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“saprotrophic fungi dominated during senescence”
t0“Pisum sativum”
Claim · model-written summary
Obligate biotrophic and saprotrophic root fungi increased with organic fertilizer dosage.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer dosagese0
- Outcome
- obligate biotrophic fungi and saprotrophic fungie0
- Direction
- markedly increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“obligate biotrophic fungi and saprotrophic fungi were markedly increased with organic fertilizer dosages”
t0“Pisum sativum”
Claim · model-written summary
Root pathogenic fungi decreased with organic amendments.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- organic amendmentse0
- Outcome
- root pathogenic fungie0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root pathogenic fungi were decreased with organic amendments”
t0“Pisum sativum”
The same questions in other papers
organic · disease · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.