Abstract
Field experiments examined the effects of sowing field pea seed with different amounts of infection with Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) on virus spread, seed yield, and infection levels in harvested seed. Plots were sown with seed with actual or simulated seed transmission rates of 0.3 to 6.5% (2005) or 0.1 to 8% (2006), and spread was by naturally occurring migrant aphids. Plants with symptoms and incidence increased with the amount of primary inoculum present. When final incidence reached 97 to 98% (2005) and 36% (2006) in plots sown with 6.5 to 8% infected seed, yield losses of 18 to 25% (2005) and 13% (2006) resulted. When incidence reached 48 to 76% in plots sown with 1.1-2 to 2% initial infection, seed yield losses were 15 to 21% (2005). Diminished seed weight and seed number both contributed to the yield losses. When the 2005 data for the relationships between percent incidence and yield or yield gaps were plotted, 81 to 84% of the variation was explained by final incidence and, for each 1% increase, there was a yield decline of 7.7 to 8.2 kg/ha. Seed transmission rates in harvested seed were mostly greater than those in the seed sown when climatic conditions favored early virus spread (1 to 17% in 2005) but smaller when they did not (0.2 to 2% in 2006). In 2007, sowing infected seed at high seeding rate with straw mulch and regular insecticide application resulted in slower spread and smaller seed infection than sowing at standard seeding rate without straw mulch or insecticide. When data for the relationship between final percent incidence and seed transmission in harvested seed were plotted (all experiments), 95 to 99% of the variation was explained by PSbMV incidence. A threshold value of <0.5% seed infection was established for sowing in high-risk zones.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Plants with symptoms and incidence increased with the amount of primary inoculum.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments examined the effects of sowing field pea seed with different amounts of infection with Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV)”
e1“Plants with symptoms and incidence increased with the amount of primary inoculum present”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2005, final incidence of 97 to 98% in plots sown with 6.5 to 8% infected seed caused seed yield losses of 18 to 25%.
- Taxon
- field peae0
- Treatment
- plots sown with 6.5 to 8% infected seede2
- Outcome
- yield lossese2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- 18 to 25%e2
- Setting
- Field experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments examined the effects of sowing field pea seed with different amounts of infection with Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV)”
e2“When final incidence reached 97 to 98% (2005) and 36% (2006) in plots sown with 6.5 to 8% infected seed, yield losses of 18 to 25% (2005) and 13% (2006) resulted”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2006, final incidence of 36% in plots sown with 6.5 to 8% infected seed caused seed yield losses of 13%.
- Taxon
- field peae0
- Treatment
- plots sown with 6.5 to 8% infected seede2
- Outcome
- yield lossese2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- 13%e2
- Setting
- Field experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments examined the effects of sowing field pea seed with different amounts of infection with Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV)”
e2“When final incidence reached 97 to 98% (2005) and 36% (2006) in plots sown with 6.5 to 8% infected seed, yield losses of 18 to 25% (2005) and 13% (2006) resulted”
Claim · model-written summary
Plots sown with 1.1-2 to 2% initial infection had seed yield losses of 15 to 21% in 2005 at 48 to 76% incidence.
- Taxon
- field peae0
- Treatment
- plots sown with 1.1-2 to 2% initial infectione1
- Outcome
- seed yield lossese1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Value
- 15 to 21%e1
- Setting
- Field experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments examined the effects of sowing field pea seed with different amounts of infection with Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV)”
e1“When incidence reached 48 to 76% in plots sown with 1.1-2 to 2% initial infection, seed yield losses were 15 to 21% (2005)”
Claim · model-written summary
Diminished seed weight and seed number contributed to the yield losses.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments examined the effects of sowing field pea seed with different amounts of infection with Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV)”
e1“Diminished seed weight and seed number both contributed to the yield losses”
Claim · model-written summary
Final incidence explained 81 to 84% of the variation in yield in the 2005 data.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments examined the effects of sowing field pea seed with different amounts of infection with Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV)”
e1“When the 2005 data for the relationships between percent incidence and yield or yield gaps were plotted, 81 to 84% of the variation was explained by final incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
Each 1% increase in incidence was associated with a yield decline of 7.7 to 8.2 kg/ha in 2005.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments examined the effects of sowing field pea seed with different amounts of infection with Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV)”
e1“When the 2005 data for the relationships between percent incidence and yield or yield gaps were plotted”
e2“for each 1% increase, there was a yield decline of 7.7 to 8.2 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed transmission in harvested seed was mostly greater than in the sown seed when climatic conditions favored early virus spread (1 to 17% in 2005).
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments examined the effects of sowing field pea seed with different amounts of infection with Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV)”
e1“Seed transmission rates in harvested seed were mostly greater than those in the seed sown when climatic conditions favored early virus spread (1 to 17% in 2005) but smaller when they did not (0.2 to 2% in 2006)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed transmission in harvested seed was smaller than in the sown seed when climatic conditions did not favor early spread (0.2 to 2% in 2006).
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments examined the effects of sowing field pea seed with different amounts of infection with Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV)”
e1“Seed transmission rates in harvested seed were mostly greater than those in the seed sown when climatic conditions favored early virus spread (1 to 17% in 2005) but smaller when they did not (0.2 to 2% in 2006)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2007, a high seeding rate with straw mulch and regular insecticide application slowed virus spread compared with a standard seeding rate without mulch or insecticide.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments examined the effects of sowing field pea seed with different amounts of infection with Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV)”
e1“In 2007, sowing infected seed at high seeding rate with straw mulch and regular insecticide application resulted in slower spread and smaller seed infection than sowing at standard seeding rate without straw mulch or insecticide”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2007, a high seeding rate with straw mulch and regular insecticide application gave smaller seed infection than a standard seeding rate without mulch or insecticide.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments examined the effects of sowing field pea seed with different amounts of infection with Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV)”
e1“In 2007, sowing infected seed at high seeding rate with straw mulch and regular insecticide application resulted in slower spread and smaller seed infection than sowing at standard seeding rate without straw mulch or insecticide”
Claim · model-written summary
95 to 99% of the variation in seed transmission in harvested seed was explained by PSbMV incidence.
- Taxon
- field peae0
- Interactor
- PSbMVPea seed-borne mosaic viruse1pathogen
- Outcome
- seed transmission in harvested seede2
- Value
- 95 to 99%e1
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments examined the effects of sowing field pea seed with different amounts of infection with Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV)”
e1“95 to 99% of the variation was explained by PSbMV incidence”
e2“When data for the relationship between final percent incidence and seed transmission in harvested seed were plotted (all experiments)”
Claim · model-written summary
A threshold of below 0.5% seed infection was set for sowing in high-risk zones.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments examined the effects of sowing field pea seed with different amounts of infection with Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV)”
e1“A threshold value of <0.5% seed infection was established for sowing in high-risk zones”
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