Abstract
Biopesticides are promising alternatives to chemical pesticides because of their low residual effects, high selectivity, and capacity for long-term disease control. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) may be an ideal candidate for biopesticide because it is widely present in the plant kingdom, involved in growth, development, and stress-induced responses in plants, and can inhibit the growth and propagation of some microbial pathogens. However, it remains largely unclear whether melatonin influences rice and the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Here, we demonstrate that melatonin enhances rice immunity and inhibits the growth of M. oryzae, resulting in resistance to rice blast disease. Melatonin acts in rice response to M. oryzae because biosynthesis-related genes are induced upon M. oryzae infection. Melatonin treatment remarkably reduces blast disease severity in a susceptible rice accession. Mechanistically, melatonin treatment activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades and up-regulates the expression of defense-related genes. Melatonin treatment also significantly inhibits the growth, sporulation, and spore germination of M. oryzae. Notably, melatonin treatment results in the death of M. oryzae hyphal cells. Altogether, our findings indicate that melatonin plays dual roles in the rice-M. oryzae interactions, activating rice immunity and inhibiting fungal growth. Thus, this study offers insights into the potential development of novel melatonin-based biopesticides for controlling rice blast disease.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin enhanced rice immunity.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- melatonine0
- Interactor
- M. oryzae
Pyricularia oryzaee0pathogen - Outcome
- rice immunitye0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin enhances rice immunity and inhibits the growth of M. oryzae”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin inhibited M. oryzae growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- melatonine0
- Interactor
- M. oryzaePyricularia oryzaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of M. oryzaee0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin enhances rice immunity and inhibits the growth of M. oryzae”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin biosynthesis genes were induced after fungal infection.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- M. oryzae infectione0
- Interactor
- M. oryzaePyricularia oryzaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- biosynthesis-related genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biosynthesis-related genes are induced upon M. oryzae infection”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin treatment reduced blast disease severity in a susceptible rice accession.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- susceptible rice accessione0
- Treatment
- Melatonin treatmente0
- Outcome
- blast disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Melatonin treatment remarkably reduces blast disease severity in a susceptible rice accession”
t0“Blast Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin treatment activated MAPK cascades.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- melatonin treatmente0
- Interactor
- Magnaporthe OryzaePyricularia oryzaet0pathogene0
- Outcome
- mitogen-activated protein kinase cascadese0
- Direction
- activatese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin treatment activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades”
t0“Rice Immunity and Inhibits the Growth of the Magnaporthe Oryzae”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin treatment up-regulated defense gene expression.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- melatonin treatmente0
- Interactor
- Magnaporthe OryzaePyricularia oryzaet0pathogene0
- Outcome
- expression of defense-related genese0
- Direction
- up-regulatese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin treatment activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades and up-regulates the expression of defense-related genes”
t0“Rice Immunity and Inhibits the Growth of the Magnaporthe Oryzae”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin inhibited M. oryzae sporulation and spore germination.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Melatonin treatmente0
- Interactor
- M. oryzaePyricularia oryzaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- sporulation, and spore germination of M. oryzaee0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Melatonin treatment also significantly inhibits the growth, sporulation, and spore germination of M. oryzae”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin treatment caused death of M. oryzae hyphal cells.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- melatonin treatmente0
- Interactor
- M. oryzaePyricularia oryzaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- death of M. oryzae hyphal cellse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin treatment results in the death of M. oryzae hyphal cells”
t0“rice”
The same questions in other papers
melatonin · Pyricularia oryzae · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
melatonin · disease · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.