Abstract
The present investigation aimed to evaluate the influence of various organic manures and gibberellic acid (GA₃) concentrations on the growth and yield performance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Conducted at the Post Harvest and Value Addition Laboratory, Mewar University, Rajasthan, during February–May 2024–25, the study employed a completely randomized design with nine treatment combinations and three replications. Organic sources included farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost, and poultry manure, while GA₃ was applied at 0, 25, 50, and 75 ppm. The results revealed that both organic manures and GA₃ had a significant and positive impact on plant growth and fruit yield parameters. Among the organic treatments, poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha significantly enhanced plant height, number of branches per plant, and stem girth across all observation intervals (30, 60 DAT, and harvest). It also resulted in the highest number of fruits per plant (32.25), fruit girth (5.95 cm), average fruit weight (59.5 g), and fruit yield (351.75 q/ha). Similarly, GA₃ at 75 ppm produced the most vigorous vegetative growth, maximum shoot girth, and superior yield attributes—highest fruit count (33.75), fruit girth (6.03 cm), and fruit weight (61.0 g). The synergistic effect of enriched nutrient availability from poultry manure and the physiological stimulation by GA₃ contributed to overall improvement in growth and productivity. The findings underscore the effectiveness of integrating organic manures with optimal GA₃ concentrations to enhance tomato yield sustainably. Such strategies can not only reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers but also improve soil health and crop quality, supporting climate-resilient vegetable production.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure at 2.5 t/ha enhanced plant height, branch number and stem girth of tomato compared with other organic treatments.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- poultry manure @ 2.5 t/hae1
- Outcome
- plant height, number of branches per plant, and stem girthe1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Comparator
- organic treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield performance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)”
e1“Among the organic treatments, poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha significantly enhanced plant height, number of branches per plant, and stem girth across all observation intervals (30, 60 DAT, and harvest)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure at 2.5 t/ha gave the highest number of fruits per plant, 32.25.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- poultry manure @ 2.5 t/hae1
- Outcome
- number of fruits per plante2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 32.25e2
- Comparator
- organic treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield performance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)”
e1“Among the organic treatments, poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha significantly enhanced plant height, number of branches per plant, and stem girth across all observation intervals (30, 60 DAT, and harvest)”
e2“It also resulted in the highest number of fruits per plant (32.25), fruit girth (5.95 cm), average fruit weight (59.5 g), and fruit yield (351.75 q/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure at 2.5 t/ha gave the highest fruit girth, 5.95 cm.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- poultry manure @ 2.5 t/hae1
- Outcome
- fruit girthe2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 5.95 cme2
- Comparator
- organic treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield performance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)”
e1“Among the organic treatments, poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha significantly enhanced plant height, number of branches per plant, and stem girth across all observation intervals (30, 60 DAT, and harvest)”
e2“It also resulted in the highest number of fruits per plant (32.25), fruit girth (5.95 cm), average fruit weight (59.5 g), and fruit yield (351.75 q/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure at 2.5 t/ha gave the highest average fruit weight, 59.5 g.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- poultry manure @ 2.5 t/hae1
- Outcome
- average fruit weighte2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 59.5 ge2
- Comparator
- organic treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield performance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)”
e1“Among the organic treatments, poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha significantly enhanced plant height, number of branches per plant, and stem girth across all observation intervals (30, 60 DAT, and harvest)”
e2“It also resulted in the highest number of fruits per plant (32.25), fruit girth (5.95 cm), average fruit weight (59.5 g), and fruit yield (351.75 q/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure at 2.5 t/ha gave the highest fruit yield, 351.75 q/ha.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- poultry manure @ 2.5 t/hae1
- Outcome
- fruit yielde2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 351.75 q/hae2
- Comparator
- organic treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield performance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)”
e1“Among the organic treatments, poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha significantly enhanced plant height, number of branches per plant, and stem girth across all observation intervals (30, 60 DAT, and harvest)”
e2“It also resulted in the highest number of fruits per plant (32.25), fruit girth (5.95 cm), average fruit weight (59.5 g), and fruit yield (351.75 q/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 at 75 ppm produced the most vigorous vegetative growth in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- GA₃ at 75 ppme3
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe3
- Direction
- most vigorouse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield performance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)”
e3“Similarly, GA₃ at 75 ppm produced the most vigorous vegetative growth, maximum shoot girth, and superior yield attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 at 75 ppm gave the maximum shoot girth in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- GA₃ at 75 ppme3
- Outcome
- shoot girthe3
- Direction
- maximume3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield performance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)”
e3“Similarly, GA₃ at 75 ppm produced the most vigorous vegetative growth, maximum shoot girth, and superior yield attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 at 75 ppm gave the highest fruit count, 33.75, in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- GA₃ at 75 ppme3
- Outcome
- fruit counte4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 33.75e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield performance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)”
e3“Similarly, GA₃ at 75 ppm produced the most vigorous vegetative growth, maximum shoot girth, and superior yield attributes”
e4“highest fruit count (33.75), fruit girth (6.03 cm), and fruit weight (61.0 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 at 75 ppm gave the highest fruit girth, 6.03 cm, in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- GA₃ at 75 ppme3
- Outcome
- fruit girthe4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 6.03 cme4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield performance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)”
e3“Similarly, GA₃ at 75 ppm produced the most vigorous vegetative growth, maximum shoot girth, and superior yield attributes”
e4“highest fruit count (33.75), fruit girth (6.03 cm), and fruit weight (61.0 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 at 75 ppm gave the highest fruit weight, 61.0 g, in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- GA₃ at 75 ppme3
- Outcome
- fruit weighte4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 61.0 ge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield performance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)”
e3“Similarly, GA₃ at 75 ppm produced the most vigorous vegetative growth, maximum shoot girth, and superior yield attributes”
e4“highest fruit count (33.75), fruit girth (6.03 cm), and fruit weight (61.0 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
The synergy of poultry manure nutrients and GA3 stimulation is suggested to contribute to overall improvement in tomato growth and productivity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- overall improvement in growth and productivitye5
- Qualifier
- The synergistic effect of enriched nutrient availability from poultry manure and the physiological stimulation by GA₃e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield performance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)”
e5“The synergistic effect of enriched nutrient availability from poultry manure and the physiological stimulation by GA₃ contributed to overall improvement in growth and productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures and GA3 had a significant positive impact on tomato plant growth and fruit yield parameters.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- organic manures and GA₃e6
- Outcome
- plant growth and fruit yield parameterse6
- Direction
- positive impacte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield performance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)”
e6“both organic manures and GA₃ had a significant and positive impact on plant growth and fruit yield parameters”
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