Abstract
Sorghum, a multipurpose food crop and one of the top five grain crops globally, is threatened by sugary disease (ergot), which causes significant yield losses in hybrid seed production. This study aimed to investigate the biochemical basis of disease resistance in sorghum induced by various chemical compounds against sugary disease caused by Sphacelia sorghi. The research evaluated the effects of chitosan, salicylic acid, acibenzolar-s-methyl, beta-aminobutyric acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, benzoic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, benzothiadiazole and zinc oxide on the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) at different concentrations and across various time intervals (3, 6 and 9 days) following post-pathogen inoculation. All treatments significantly increased PAL and PPO activities compared to the control. Chitosan at 1000 ppm (part per million) exhibited the highest PAL activity, while salicylic acid at 1000 ppm recorded the highest PPO activity. The lowest PAL and PPO activities were observed in the control group inoculated with the pathogen alone. The enhanced activity of PAL and PPO in treated plants suggests a strong defensive response in sorghum against S. sorghi. Based on their ability to significantly enhance PAL and PPO activities, the use of disease-tolerant genotypes in combination with prophylactic sprays of chitosan or salicylic acid at 1000 ppm is recommended as a cost-effective strategy for managing sugary disease (ergot) in sorghum.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
All tested chemical inducers significantly increased PAL and PPO activities in sorghum relative to the control.
- Treatment
- chitosan, salicylic acid, acibenzolar-s-methyl, beta-aminobutyric acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, benzoic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, benzothiadiazole and zinc oxidee2
- Interactor
- Sphacelia sorghie7pathogen
- Outcome
- PAL and PPO activitiese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- the controle1
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugary disease of sorghum caused by Sphacelia sorghi”
e1“All treatments significantly increased PAL and PPO activities compared to the control”
e7“sugary disease caused by Sphacelia sorghi”
e2“the effects of chitosan, salicylic acid, acibenzolar-s-methyl, beta-aminobutyric acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, benzoic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, benzothiadiazole and zinc oxide”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan at 1000 ppm gave the highest PAL activity in sorghum.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugary disease of sorghum caused by Sphacelia sorghi”
e2“Chitosan at 1000 ppm (part per million) exhibited the highest PAL activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid at 1000 ppm gave the highest PPO activity in sorghum.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugary disease of sorghum caused by Sphacelia sorghi”
e3“salicylic acid at 1000 ppm recorded the highest PPO activity”
Claim · model-written summary
PAL and PPO activities were lowest in sorghum inoculated with the pathogen alone.
- Treatment
- inoculated with the pathogen alonee4
- Interactor
- Sphacelia sorghie7pathogen
- Outcome
- PAL and PPO activitiese4
- Direction
- loweste4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugary disease of sorghum caused by Sphacelia sorghi”
e4“The lowest PAL and PPO activities were observed in the control group inoculated with the pathogen alone”
e7“sugary disease caused by Sphacelia sorghi”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced PAL and PPO activity in treated sorghum plants suggests a strong defensive response against S. sorghi.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The enhanced activity of PAL and PPO in treated plants suggests a strong defensive response in sorghum against S. sorghi”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease-tolerant sorghum genotypes combined with prophylactic sprays of chitosan or salicylic acid at 1000 ppm are recommended for managing sugary disease.
- Treatment
- prophylactic sprays of chitosan or salicylic acid at 1000 ppme6
- Outcome
- managing sugary diseasee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“the use of disease-tolerant genotypes in combination with prophylactic sprays of chitosan or salicylic acid at 1000 ppm is recommended as a cost-effective strategy for managing sugary disease (ergot) in sorghum”
The same questions in other papers
jasmonic acid · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · SorghumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
chitosan · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · SorghumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salicylic acid · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · SorghumResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.