Abstract
Abstract The use of well‐feathered nursery trees considerably enhances precocity and, consequently, the profitability of apple orchards. This study aimed to develop an efficient technique for feather development in 1‐year‐old apple nursery trees of ‘Gala Mast’ and ‘Oregon Spur’ grafted on MM.106 rootstock by employing benzyladenine (BA). The concentration, spray frequency, and spray interval of BA had a statistically significant impact on tree quality, with the spray interval being the most influential factor. An increase in concentration from 500 to 600 ppm positively affected most of the studied variables. However, the values for these variables decreased with further increasing concentration from 600 to 700 ppm. In ‘Gala Mast’, the greatest positive effect on most of the tree quality determinants was observed with four sprays, and increasing the spray frequency from four to five did not further affect the number of feathers, feathers with the optimum length, and feathering zone. Conversely, an increase in spray frequency from three to five led to a positive response in ‘Oregon Spur’ nursery trees quality in terms of number of feathers, total feather length, and feathering zone. However, statistically significant differences in the number of feathers and feathering zone were not found with four and five sprays. Further, a 1‐week spray interval was found most effective for ‘Gala Mast’, whereas a 2‐week interval was optimal for ‘Oregon Spur’. In conclusion, applying four sprays of 600 ppm BA at 1‐week intervals for ‘Gala Mast’ and 2‐week intervals for ‘Oregon Spur’ resulted in the most favourable effects on the number of feathers and overall quality of the nursery trees. The findings of this study indicated that the frequency of BA sprays depends on the growing period length, while the interval between applications is determined by the cultivar's ability to resume terminal growth after temporary suppression by BA.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
An increase in BA concentration from 500 to 600 ppm positively affected most studied variables of apple nursery trees
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat1 - Treatment
- concentration from 500 to 600 ppme1
- Outcome
- most of the studied variablese1
- Direction
- positively affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“apple nursery trees”
e1“An increase in concentration from 500 to 600 ppm positively affected most of the studied variables”
Claim · model-written summary
Further increasing BA concentration from 600 to 700 ppm decreased the values of the studied variables in apple nursery trees
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat1
- Treatment
- further increasing concentration from 600 to 700 ppme2
- Outcome
- values for these variablese2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“apple nursery trees”
e2“However, the values for these variables decreased with further increasing concentration from 600 to 700 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
In Gala Mast, four BA sprays gave the greatest positive effect on most tree quality determinants
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat1
- Material
- Gala Maste3
- Treatment
- four sprayse3
- Outcome
- tree quality determinantse3
- Direction
- greatest positive effecte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“apple nursery trees”
e3“In ‘Gala Mast’, the greatest positive effect on most of the tree quality determinants was observed with four sprays”
Claim · model-written summary
In Gala Mast, increasing the spray frequency from four to five did not further affect feather number, optimum-length feathers or feathering zone
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat1
- Material
- Gala Maste3
- Treatment
- spray frequency from four to fivee4
- Outcome
- number of feathers, feathers with the optimum length, and feathering zonee4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Comparator
- four sprayse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“apple nursery trees”
e3“In ‘Gala Mast’, the greatest positive effect on most of the tree quality determinants was observed with four sprays”
e4“increasing the spray frequency from four to five did not further affect the number of feathers, feathers with the optimum length, and feathering zone”
Claim · model-written summary
In Oregon Spur, increasing spray frequency from three to five gave a positive response in feather number, total feather length and feathering zone
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat1
- Material
- Oregon Spure5
- Treatment
- spray frequency from three to fivee5
- Outcome
- number of feathers, total feather length, and feathering zonee5
- Direction
- positive responsee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“apple nursery trees”
e5“an increase in spray frequency from three to five led to a positive response in ‘Oregon Spur’ nursery trees quality in terms of number of feathers, total feather length, and feathering zone”
Claim · model-written summary
Four and five BA sprays did not differ significantly in feather number or feathering zone
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat1
- Treatment
- four and five sprayse6
- Outcome
- number of feathers and feathering zonee6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“apple nursery trees”
e6“statistically significant differences in the number of feathers and feathering zone were not found with four and five sprays”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1-week BA spray interval was the most effective for Gala Mast
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat1
- Material
- Gala Maste7
- Treatment
- 1‐week spray intervale7
- Outcome
- most effectivee7
- Direction
- most effectivee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“apple nursery trees”
e7“Further, a 1‐week spray interval was found most effective for ‘Gala Mast’, whereas a 2‐week interval was optimal for ‘Oregon Spur’”
Claim · model-written summary
A 2-week BA spray interval was optimal for Oregon Spur
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat1
- Material
- Oregon Spure7
- Treatment
- 2‐week intervale7
- Outcome
- optimale7
- Direction
- optimale7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“apple nursery trees”
e7“Further, a 1‐week spray interval was found most effective for ‘Gala Mast’, whereas a 2‐week interval was optimal for ‘Oregon Spur’”
Claim · model-written summary
Four sprays of 600 ppm BA at 1-week intervals gave the most favourable effects on feather number and overall quality of apple nursery trees
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat1
- Treatment
- four sprays of 600 ppm BA at 1‐week intervalse2
- Outcome
- number of feathers and overall quality of the nursery treese2
- Direction
- most favourable effectse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“apple nursery trees”
e2“applying four sprays of 600 ppm BA at 1‐week intervals for ‘Gala Mast’ and 2‐week intervals for ‘Oregon Spur’ resulted in the most favourable effects on the number of feathers and overall quality of the nursery trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The frequency of BA sprays depends on the growing period length (author inference)
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat1
- Outcome
- frequency of BA sprayse2
- Qualifier
- depends on the growing period lengthe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“apple nursery trees”
e2“the frequency of BA sprays depends on the growing period length”
Claim · model-written summary
The spray interval is determined by the cultivar ability to resume terminal growth after BA suppression (author inference)
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat1
- Outcome
- interval between applicationse2
- Qualifier
- cultivar's ability to resume terminal growth after temporary suppression by BAe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“apple nursery trees”
e2“the interval between applications is determined by the cultivar's ability to resume terminal growth after temporary suppression by BA”
Claim · model-written summary
Concentration, spray frequency and spray interval of BA had a statistically significant association with apple tree quality
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat1
- Treatment
- concentration, spray frequency, and spray interval of BAe2
- Outcome
- tree qualitye2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“apple nursery trees”
e2“The concentration, spray frequency, and spray interval of BA had a statistically significant impact on tree quality, with the spray interval being the most influential factor”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray interval was the most influential factor for apple tree quality under BA treatment
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat1
- Treatment
- spray intervale2
- Outcome
- tree qualitye2
- Qualifier
- the most influential factore2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“apple nursery trees”
e2“The concentration, spray frequency, and spray interval of BA had a statistically significant impact on tree quality, with the spray interval being the most influential factor”
The same questions in other papers
N-benzyladenine · quality: general · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
application · quality: general · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.