Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oil crop. In 2023, a disease causing root rot of sesame at the seedling stage was observed in the fields of the main sesame-producing areas of Zhoukou, Shangshui, Xiangcheng, Pingyu and Shangcai in Henan Province, China, and the incidence rate at the seedling stage was 11.76%. The roots of the infected plants became brown and gradually spread upward. In the later stage, the stems showed dark green rot, and the plants gradually withered and died. In order to determine the causal agent of disease, typical symptomatic diseased plants were collected, and the root soil was washed with running water, small pieces of tissue were taken from the junction of disease and healthy, disinfected with 70% ethanol for 30 seconds and 0.1% mercuric chloride for 1 minute, and then washed three times in sterile water. The disinfected plant tissue was placed on potato glucose agar (PDA) medium and cutured in darkness at 26 °C for 5 days. The colonies were initially white, and then turned green to black, with abundant aerial mycelium. The conidia were brown, long oval, ovate or pear-shaped, with a short beak, 1 to 3 transverse compartments and 0 to 2 oblique compartment, smooth surface, with a size of 11.4-28.36×5.8-14.2 μm. The conidiophores were brown, erect or curved. These features are consistent with morphological features of the genus Alternaria, it was preliminarily identified as the genus Alternaria. To further confirm the identity of the pathogen, were used representative isolates S26 and S81 for molecular identification. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), Alternaria major allergen (Alt a 1), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), and Anonymous gene region (OPA10-2) were amplified with the primers ITS1 /ITS4 (White, et al. 1990), EF1-728F /EF1-986R (Carbone, et al. 1999), gpdl /gpd2 (Berbee et al. 1999), Alt-for /Alt-rev (Woudenberg et al. 2014), RPB2-5F2 /RPB2-7CR (Khodaei and Arzanlou 2013) and OPA10-2L /OPA10-2R (Andrew et al. 2009), respectively. The sequences of strain S26 with accession numbers of PV523568, PV548266, PV548267, PV548268, PV548269 and PV548270 for ITS, Alt a 1, GAPDH, OPA10-2, RPB2 and TEF1 regions were deposited in GenBank. The maximum-likelihood tree generated by MEGA 7.0 demonstrated that the pathogenic isolates S26 and S81 was grouped in the same clade with A. alternata strain CBS 121348, which was supported by 100% bootstrap values. The pathogen was identified as A. alternata. The five isolates were cultured on PDA medium for 7 days. They were the transferred to PDB medium and shaken-cultured for 10 days at 28°C and 140 r/min. After filtration to remove mycelium, the spores were mixed with sterile water to prepare a spore suspension (1.3 × 10⁴ spores/ml). Sesame seedlings at the 4-6 leaf stage were inoculated through root irrigation using 2 ml per plant, with sterile water irrigation served as the control. After inoculation, they were cultured at 28 ℃ and 70% RH. 14 days later, the inoculated sesame seedlings showed wilting symptoms, and the roots became red to brown. After 20 days, the roots and stems showed rotting symptoms, which were the same as those observed in the field, and no symptoms were observed in the control. The pathogen A. alternata was re-isolated from the inoculated sesame seedlings, which conformed to Koch's rule. It was proved that the disease was caused by the pathogen A. alternata. Previous studies showed that A. alternata can cause leaves black spot (Weiss, 1971) , bending of stem (Rani, et al. 1984)，fruit blight （Cheng, et al. 2021） and blight ( Mohanty, et al. 1958) in sesame. A. alternata can also cause root rot in qinke barley (Li, et al. 2021) and alfalfa (He, et al. 2025). To our knowledge, the root rot of Sesame caused by A. alternata is the first reported in China. This result will provide reference for the prevention and control of sesame seedlings diseases.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Sesame seedling root rot incidence in the surveyed Henan fields was 11.76%.
- Taxon
- sesame
Sesamum indicume0 - Organ / stage
- seedling stagee0
- Outcome
- incidence ratee0
- Value
- 11.76%e0
- Setting
- Henan Province, Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root rot of sesame at the seedling stage was observed in the fields of the main sesame-producing areas of Zhoukou, Shangshui, Xiangcheng, Pingyu and Shangcai in Henan Province, China, and the incidence rate at the seedling stage was 11.76%”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected sesame roots browned and the discoloration spread upward.
- Taxon
- SesameSesamum indicumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- roots of the infected plants became brown and gradually spread upwarde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The roots of the infected plants became brown and gradually spread upward”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
Later, stems developed dark green rot and sesame plants withered and died.
- Taxon
- SesameSesamum indicumt0
- Organ / stage
- stemse0
- Outcome
- stems showed dark green rot, and the plants gradually withered and diede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the stems showed dark green rot, and the plants gradually withered and died”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolate morphology was consistent with Alternaria.
- Taxon
- SesameSesamum indicumt0
- Interactor
- Alternaria
Alternariae0pathogen - Outcome
- preliminarily identified as the genus Alternariae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These features are consistent with morphological features of the genus Alternaria, it was preliminarily identified as the genus Alternaria”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesame pathogenic isolates S26 and S81 clustered with A. alternata CBS 121348 with 100% bootstrap support.
- Taxon
- SesameSesamum indicumt0
- Material
- S26 and S81e0
- Interactor
- A. alternata
.jpg?width=60)
Alternaria alternatae0pathogen - Outcome
- grouped in the same clade with A. alternata strain CBS 121348e0
- Value
- 100%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the pathogenic isolates S26 and S81 was grouped in the same clade with A. alternata strain CBS 121348, which was supported by 100% bootstrap values”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
The pathogen from sesame was identified as A. alternata.
- Taxon
- SesameSesamum indicumt0
- Interactor
- A. alternataAlternaria alternatae0pathogen
- Outcome
- identified as A. alternatae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pathogen was identified as A. alternata”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated sesame seedlings wilted and their roots became red to brown after 14 days.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicume0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Outcome
- wilting symptoms, and the roots became red to browne0
- Comparator
- sterile water irrigatione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“14 days later, the inoculated sesame seedlings showed wilting symptoms, and the roots became red to brown”
e1“with sterile water irrigation served as the control”
Claim · model-written summary
After 20 days, inoculated sesame roots and stems rotted like field cases, while controls remained symptomless.
- Taxon
- SesameSesamum indicume1
- Organ / stage
- roots and stemse0
- Treatment
- inoculated through root irrigatione1
- Outcome
- roots and stems showed rotting symptomse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 20 days, the roots and stems showed rotting symptoms, which were the same as those observed in the field, and no symptoms were observed in the control”
e1“Sesame seedlings at the 4-6 leaf stage were inoculated through root irrigation using 2 ml per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
A. alternata was re-isolated from inoculated sesame seedlings, supporting its causal role in root rot.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicume0
- Interactor
- A. alternataAlternaria alternatae0pathogen
- Outcome
- re-isolated from the inoculated sesame seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pathogen A. alternata was re-isolated from the inoculated sesame seedlings, which conformed to Koch's rule. It was proved that the disease was caused by the pathogen A. alternata”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors report this as the first A. alternata-caused sesame root rot in China.
- Taxon
- SesameSesamum indicume0
- Interactor
- A. alternataAlternaria alternatae0pathogen
- Outcome
- root rot of Sesame caused by A. alternata is the first reported in Chinae0
- Setting
- Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the root rot of Sesame caused by A. alternata is the first reported in China”
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.