Abstract
Since its introduction in Africa in 2016, the Fall Armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) has severely threatened maize production, leading to the widespread use of synthetic pesticides. These chemicals negatively affect human health, the environment, and product quality. Therefore, this study evaluated the effectiveness of seven FAW control strategies on maize in two agricultural zones of Burkina Faso (six sites divided in Koudougou and Léo), and these included five integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. The strategies included a tolerant maize variety grown in monoculture or intercropped with cowpea and Brachiaria , along with the use of biopesticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis and azadirachtin. Infestation of maize by FAW was recorded throughout the season at all six sites. Despite the various IPM strategies tested, none significantly reduced infestation rates, larval density, or the severity of plant attacks. Consequently, there were no significant differences among treatments for maize yield. There was high infestation of ears in all treatments and this resulted in a reduced proportion of marketable maize. Economic analysis showed that the farmer practice (susceptible variety + emamectin benzoate) provided highest gross margins, followed by the combination of a tolerant variety and azadirachtin treatment. IPM strategies incorporating crop and habitat diversification with Brachiaria and biopesticides resulted in lower gross margins due to increased costs and reduced maize production. This study underscores the need for developing and validating more effective and economically viable IPM strategies to control FAW in African farming systems, particularly on maize.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Fall armyworm infested maize throughout the season at all six sites.
- Interactor
- FAWe0pest
- Outcome
- Infestation of maize by FAWe0
- Qualifier
- throughout the season at all six sitese0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infestation of maize by FAW was recorded throughout the season at all six sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Tested IPM strategies did not significantly reduce infestation rates.
- Treatment
- IPM strategiese1
- Interactor
- fall armyworm
.jpg?width=60)
Spodoptera frugiperdat1pest - Outcome
- infestation ratese0
- Direction
- none significantly reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“none significantly reduced infestation rates, larval density, or the severity of plant attacks”
t0“maize”
t1“Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies to control fall armyworm”
e1“IPM strategies incorporating crop and habitat diversification with Brachiaria and biopesticides resulted in lower gross margins due to increased costs and reduced maize production”
Claim · model-written summary
Tested IPM strategies did not significantly reduce larval density.
- Treatment
- IPM strategiese1
- Interactor
- fall armywormSpodoptera frugiperdat1pest
- Outcome
- larval densitye0
- Direction
- none significantly reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“none significantly reduced infestation rates, larval density, or the severity of plant attacks”
t0“maize”
t1“Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies to control fall armyworm”
e1“IPM strategies incorporating crop and habitat diversification with Brachiaria and biopesticides resulted in lower gross margins due to increased costs and reduced maize production”
Claim · model-written summary
Tested IPM strategies did not significantly reduce attack severity.
- Treatment
- IPM strategiese1
- Interactor
- fall armywormSpodoptera frugiperdat1pest
- Outcome
- severity of plant attackse0
- Direction
- none significantly reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“none significantly reduced infestation rates, larval density, or the severity of plant attacks”
t0“maize”
t1“Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies to control fall armyworm”
e1“IPM strategies incorporating crop and habitat diversification with Brachiaria and biopesticides resulted in lower gross margins due to increased costs and reduced maize production”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield did not differ significantly among treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were no significant differences among treatments for maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear infestation was high across treatments.
- Interactor
- fall armywormSpodoptera frugiperdat1pest
- Outcome
- high infestation of earse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was high infestation of ears in all treatments”
t0“maize”
t1“fall armyworm”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear infestation reduced the marketable share of maize.
- Interactor
- fall armywormSpodoptera frugiperdat1pest
- Outcome
- proportion of marketable maizee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this resulted in a reduced proportion of marketable maize”
t1“fall armyworm”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmer practice with susceptible variety and emamectin benzoate gave the highest gross margins.
- Treatment
- farmer practice (susceptible variety + emamectin benzoate)e0
- Outcome
- gross marginse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the farmer practice (susceptible variety + emamectin benzoate) provided highest gross margins”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerant variety plus azadirachtin ranked second for gross margins.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by the combination of a tolerant variety and azadirachtin treatment”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Diversification with Brachiaria and biopesticides yielded lower gross margins through higher costs and lower maize production.
- Treatment
- crop and habitat diversification with Brachiaria and biopesticidese0
- Outcome
- gross marginse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- increased costs and reduced maize productione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IPM strategies incorporating crop and habitat diversification with Brachiaria and biopesticides resulted in lower gross margins due to increased costs and reduced maize production”
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