Abstract
Insecticide sprays are a common practice to control corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in corn (Zea mays L.) at reproductive stages. Our objectives were to determine (1) the most appropriate time for insecticide applications and (2) the effect of four insecticides on the survival of larvae as well as their weight. ß-cyfluthrin (0.4 mL/L), chlorantraniliprole (0.6 mL/L), emamectin benzoate (0.2 g/L), and spinetoram (1.5 mL/L) were sprayed on silks of sweet corn planted in Isabela and Lajas, Puerto Rico 3 h before and 24 and 48 h after pollination. The number of kernels produced and the damage of larvae on kernels were quantified at harvest. In addition, percentages of mortality and changes on larval weight were noted at 96 h after insecticide applications. Insecticide sprays at 3 h before pollination reduced the number of kernels or were similar to the control in all treatments. However, emamectin benzoate sprayed in Lajas and chlorantraniliprole applied in Isabela at 48 h after pollination increased the number of kernels (281−294) and reduced the damage of larvae on kernels (<0.5%) compared to the control (201−229; >7%). Furthermore, applications of emamectin benzoate caused higher percentages of fall armyworm larval mortality (>70%). Conversely, ß-cyfluthrin and chlorantraniliprole caused lower percentages of mortality (<30%) and only chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram reduced the weight of corn earworm and fall armyworm larvae collected in both locations. This information may help pest management programs and corn breeders to schedule insecticide sprays and pollination in the field.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Sprays before pollination reduced or did not improve kernel number.
Verbatim
e0“Insecticide sprays at 3 h before pollination reduced the number of kernels or were similar to the control in all treatments.”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate applied in Lajas increased kernel number.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Treatment
- emamectin benzoatee0
- Outcome
- number of kernelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 281−294e0
- Setting
- Lajase0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“emamectin benzoate sprayed in Lajas and chlorantraniliprole applied in Isabela at 48 h after pollination increased the number of kernels (281−294)”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorantraniliprole applied in Isabela 48 hours after pollination increased kernel number.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Treatment
- chlorantraniliprole applied in Isabela at 48 h after pollinatione0
- Outcome
- number of kernelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 281−294e0
- Setting
- Isabelae0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“chlorantraniliprole applied in Isabela at 48 h after pollination increased the number of kernels (281−294)”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate in Lajas reduced larval kernel damage.
Verbatim
e0“emamectin benzoate sprayed in Lajas and chlorantraniliprole applied in Isabela at 48 h after pollination increased the number of kernels (281−294) and reduced the damage of larvae on kernels (<0.5%) compared to the control (201−229; >7%)”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorantraniliprole in Isabela reduced larval kernel damage.
Verbatim
e0“chlorantraniliprole applied in Isabela at 48 h after pollination increased the number of kernels (281−294) and reduced the damage of larvae on kernels (<0.5%) compared to the control (201−229; >7%)”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate caused over 70% fall armyworm larval mortality.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Treatment
- emamectin benzoatee0
- Interactor
- fall armyworm
.jpg?width=60)
Spodoptera frugiperdae0pest - Outcome
- fall armyworm larval mortalitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- >70%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“applications of emamectin benzoate caused higher percentages of fall armyworm larval mortality (>70%)”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Beta-cyfluthrin caused below 30% larval mortality.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“ß-cyfluthrin and chlorantraniliprole caused lower percentages of mortality (<30%)”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorantraniliprole caused below 30% larval mortality.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“ß-cyfluthrin and chlorantraniliprole caused lower percentages of mortality (<30%)”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorantraniliprole reduced corn earworm and fall armyworm larval weight.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Treatment
- chlorantraniliprolee0
- Outcome
- weight of corn earworm and fall armyworm larvaee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“only chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram reduced the weight of corn earworm and fall armyworm larvae collected in both locations.”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinetoram reduced corn earworm and fall armyworm larval weight.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Treatment
- spinetorame0
- Outcome
- weight of corn earworm and fall armyworm larvaee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“only chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram reduced the weight of corn earworm and fall armyworm larvae collected in both locations.”
t0“Sweet Corn”
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