Abstract
BACKGROUND: The highly polyphagous and invasive fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) can feed on different plant parts of host crops, damaging whorls and stalks in early maize growth stages. Systemic insecticide seed treatment (IST) could minimize this damage, although the residual efficacy may vary with the plant tissue damaged. Using damage rating scales and artificial infestation in controlled conditions, we determined the potential of IST against FAW attacking maize whorl leaves or the stalk base. RESULTS: Chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, or thiodicarb + imidacloprid IST similarly killed > 80% FAWs for 1 or 2 weeks after plant emergence depending on the plant tissue attacked. The residual efficacy (i.e. time after plant emergence sustaining > 80% larval mortality) lasted from the first to the eleventh day (VE-V3 maize growth stages), while for cutworm on the maize stalk base, it lasted 3-7 days after plant emergence (V1-V2 stages). In terms of damage, the ISTs lasted 15 days after emergence (V4 stage) for FAW on whorl leaves and 10 days (V3 stage) for FAW feeding on the stalk base. The larvae surviving on the seed-treated plants underwent sublethal effects in growth and development, reducing insect fitness. CONCLUSION: Diamide or carbamate + neonicotinoid seed treatments kill FAW larvae on maize whorls or stalks in favorable edaphoclimatic and insecticide-susceptibility conditions. The cumulative impacts of systemic IST on aboveground insect pests go beyond mortality. The ISTs studied can be valuable against FAW in maize, for instance, to help protect varieties that may not express sufficient insect resistance in maize early growth stages.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and thiodicarb + imidacloprid seed treatments killed more than 80% of fall armyworm larvae for one or two weeks after emergence.
- Treatment
- Chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, or thiodicarb + imidacloprid ISTe1
- Interactor
- FAWe1pest
- Outcome
- FAWse1
- Direction
- killede1
- Value
- > 80%e1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cutworm on maize”
e1“Chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, or thiodicarb + imidacloprid IST similarly killed > 80% FAWs for 1 or 2 weeks after plant emergence depending on the plant tissue attacked”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual efficacy of the seed treatments against fall armyworm on whorl leaves lasted from the first to the eleventh day after emergence.
- Organ / stage
- VE-V3 maize growth stagese2
- Treatment
- Chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, or thiodicarb + imidacloprid ISTe1
- Interactor
- FAWe6pest
- Outcome
- residual efficacye2
- Direction
- lastede2
- Value
- from the first to the eleventh daye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cutworm on maize”
e1“Chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, or thiodicarb + imidacloprid IST similarly killed > 80% FAWs for 1 or 2 weeks after plant emergence depending on the plant tissue attacked”
e2“The residual efficacy (i.e. time after plant emergence sustaining > 80% larval mortality) lasted from the first to the eleventh day (VE-V3 maize growth stages)”
e6“fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda)”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual efficacy of the seed treatments against cutworm on the maize stalk base lasted three to seven days after emergence.
- Organ / stage
- maize stalk basee3
- Treatment
- Chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, or thiodicarb + imidacloprid ISTe1
- Interactor
- cutworme3pest
- Outcome
- residual efficacye2
- Direction
- lastede3
- Value
- 3-7 dayse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cutworm on maize”
e1“Chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, or thiodicarb + imidacloprid IST similarly killed > 80% FAWs for 1 or 2 weeks after plant emergence depending on the plant tissue attacked”
e2“The residual efficacy (i.e. time after plant emergence sustaining > 80% larval mortality) lasted from the first to the eleventh day (VE-V3 maize growth stages)”
e3“for cutworm on the maize stalk base, it lasted 3-7 days after plant emergence (V1-V2 stages)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatments protected maize whorl leaves from fall armyworm damage for 15 days after emergence.
- Organ / stage
- whorl leavese4
- Treatment
- Chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, or thiodicarb + imidacloprid ISTe1
- Interactor
- FAWe4pest
- Outcome
- damagee4
- Direction
- lastede4
- Value
- 15 days after emergencee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cutworm on maize”
e1“Chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, or thiodicarb + imidacloprid IST similarly killed > 80% FAWs for 1 or 2 weeks after plant emergence depending on the plant tissue attacked”
e4“In terms of damage, the ISTs lasted 15 days after emergence (V4 stage) for FAW on whorl leaves and 10 days (V3 stage) for FAW feeding on the stalk base”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatments protected maize stalk bases from fall armyworm damage for 10 days after emergence.
- Organ / stage
- stalk basee4
- Treatment
- Chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, or thiodicarb + imidacloprid ISTe1
- Interactor
- FAWe4pest
- Outcome
- damagee4
- Direction
- lastede4
- Value
- 10 dayse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cutworm on maize”
e1“Chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, or thiodicarb + imidacloprid IST similarly killed > 80% FAWs for 1 or 2 weeks after plant emergence depending on the plant tissue attacked”
e4“In terms of damage, the ISTs lasted 15 days after emergence (V4 stage) for FAW on whorl leaves and 10 days (V3 stage) for FAW feeding on the stalk base”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall armyworm larvae surviving on seed-treated maize had reduced fitness from sublethal effects on growth and development.
- Interactor
- larvaee5pest
- Outcome
- insect fitnesse5
- Direction
- reducinge5
- Qualifier
- sublethal effects in growth and developmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cutworm on maize”
e5“The larvae surviving on the seed-treated plants underwent sublethal effects in growth and development, reducing insect fitness”
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See all 16 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.