Abstract
Corn flea beetles, Chaetocnema pulicaria, vector Erwinia stewartii (synamorph Pantoea stewartii), which causes Stewart's bacterial wilt of corn (Zea mays). A seed treatment insecticide, imidacloprid, killed flea beetles and reduced the number of feeding wounds and Stewart's wilt symptoms per leaf in greenhouse studies. The objective of our research was to evaluate the ability of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam seed treatments to control Stewart's wilt on sweet corn hybrids under field conditions with naturally occurring populations of the corn flea beetle. Six field trials were planted at four locations in 1998. Eleven field trials were planted at nine locations in 1999. The treatment design was a factorial of sweet corn hybrids and seed treatments. Stewart's wilt incidence ranged from 0 to 54% in the 1998 trials. Incidence of Stewart's wilt in nontreated plots of the susceptible hybrid Jubilee ranged from 2% at the 8-leaf stage to 77% 1 week after mid-silk in the 1999 trials. Seed treatment insecticides reduced the incidence of Stewart's wilt by ≈50 to 85% relative to nontreated controls. The level of control was ≈75 to 85% in seven trials planted before 1 June 1999, when incidence of Stewart's wilt on nontreated Jubilee ranged from 4 to 71%. The level of control was ≈50 to 70% in the three trials planted after 1 July 1999, when incidence of Stewart's wilt on nontreated Jubilee ranged from 44 to 73%. Although comparisons varied, the level of control gained from seed treatment insecticides was similar to the next higher level of host resistance. Seed treatment insecticides appear to control Stewart's wilt during very early growth of corn plants, when foliar applications of insecticides are ineffective and the effectiveness of host resistance varies depending on the proximity of flea beetle feeding sites to the plant's growing point.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid seed treatment killed corn flea beetles in greenhouse studies.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- imidaclopride1
- Interactor
- Chaetocnema pulicaria
Chaetocnema pulicariae0pest - Outcome
- flea beetlese1
- Direction
- killede1
- Setting
- greenhouse studiese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn flea beetles, Chaetocnema pulicaria, vector Erwinia stewartii (synamorph Pantoea stewartii), which causes Stewart's bacterial wilt of corn (Zea mays)”
e1“A seed treatment insecticide, imidacloprid, killed flea beetles and reduced the number of feeding wounds and Stewart's wilt symptoms per leaf in greenhouse studies”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid seed treatment reduced the number of feeding wounds and Stewart's wilt symptoms per leaf in greenhouse studies.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- imidaclopride1
- Interactor
- Erwinia stewartiiPantoea stewartii subsp. stewartiie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Chaetocnema pulicariaChaetocnema pulicariae0pest
- Outcome
- the number of feeding wounds and Stewart's wilt symptoms per leafe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Setting
- greenhouse studiese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn flea beetles, Chaetocnema pulicaria, vector Erwinia stewartii (synamorph Pantoea stewartii), which causes Stewart's bacterial wilt of corn (Zea mays)”
e1“A seed treatment insecticide, imidacloprid, killed flea beetles and reduced the number of feeding wounds and Stewart's wilt symptoms per leaf in greenhouse studies”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment insecticides reduced the incidence of Stewart's wilt by ≈50 to 85% relative to nontreated controls.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Seed treatment insecticidese2
- Interactor
- Erwinia stewartiiPantoea stewartii subsp. stewartiie0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence of Stewart's wilte2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- ≈50 to 85%e2
- Comparator
- nontreated controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn flea beetles, Chaetocnema pulicaria, vector Erwinia stewartii (synamorph Pantoea stewartii), which causes Stewart's bacterial wilt of corn (Zea mays)”
e2“Seed treatment insecticides reduced the incidence of Stewart's wilt by ≈50 to 85% relative to nontreated controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment insecticides controlled Stewart's wilt to ≈75 to 85% in seven trials planted before 1 June 1999, compared with nontreated Jubilee.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Seed treatment insecticidese2
- Interactor
- Erwinia stewartiiPantoea stewartii subsp. stewartiie0pathogen
- Outcome
- level of controle3
- Value
- ≈75 to 85%e3
- Qualifier
- seven trials planted before 1 June 1999e3
- Comparator
- nontreated Jubileee3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn flea beetles, Chaetocnema pulicaria, vector Erwinia stewartii (synamorph Pantoea stewartii), which causes Stewart's bacterial wilt of corn (Zea mays)”
e2“Seed treatment insecticides reduced the incidence of Stewart's wilt by ≈50 to 85% relative to nontreated controls”
e3“The level of control was ≈75 to 85% in seven trials planted before 1 June 1999, when incidence of Stewart's wilt on nontreated Jubilee ranged from 4 to 71%”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment insecticides controlled Stewart's wilt to ≈50 to 70% in three trials planted after 1 July 1999, compared with nontreated Jubilee.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Seed treatment insecticidese2
- Interactor
- Erwinia stewartiiPantoea stewartii subsp. stewartiie0pathogen
- Outcome
- level of controle4
- Value
- ≈50 to 70%e4
- Qualifier
- three trials planted after 1 July 1999e4
- Comparator
- nontreated Jubileee4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn flea beetles, Chaetocnema pulicaria, vector Erwinia stewartii (synamorph Pantoea stewartii), which causes Stewart's bacterial wilt of corn (Zea mays)”
e2“Seed treatment insecticides reduced the incidence of Stewart's wilt by ≈50 to 85% relative to nontreated controls”
e4“The level of control was ≈50 to 70% in the three trials planted after 1 July 1999, when incidence of Stewart's wilt on nontreated Jubilee ranged from 44 to 73%”
Claim · model-written summary
Control gained from seed treatment insecticides was similar to the next higher level of host resistance.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- seed treatment insecticidese5
- Outcome
- level of controle5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
- Qualifier
- Although comparisons variede5
- Comparator
- next higher level of host resistancee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn flea beetles, Chaetocnema pulicaria, vector Erwinia stewartii (synamorph Pantoea stewartii), which causes Stewart's bacterial wilt of corn (Zea mays)”
e5“Although comparisons varied, the level of control gained from seed treatment insecticides was similar to the next higher level of host resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment insecticides appear to control Stewart's wilt during very early growth of corn, when foliar applications of insecticides are ineffective.
- Taxon
- corn plantsZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- very early growthe0
- Treatment
- Seed treatment insecticidese0
- Outcome
- control Stewart's wilte0
- Comparator
- foliar applications of insecticidese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment insecticides appear to control Stewart's wilt during very early growth of corn plants, when foliar applications of insecticides are ineffective”
Claim · model-written summary
Stewart's wilt incidence ranged from 0 to 54% in the 1998 trials.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- Stewart's wilt incidencee7
- Value
- 0 to 54%e7
- Setting
- 1998 trialse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn flea beetles, Chaetocnema pulicaria, vector Erwinia stewartii (synamorph Pantoea stewartii), which causes Stewart's bacterial wilt of corn (Zea mays)”
e7“Stewart's wilt incidence ranged from 0 to 54% in the 1998 trials”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1999 trials, Stewart's wilt incidence in nontreated Jubilee plots ranged from 2% at the 8-leaf stage to 77%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Material
- Jubileee1
- Organ / stage
- 8-leaf stagee1
- Outcome
- Incidence of Stewart's wilte1
- Value
- 2% at the 8-leaf stage to 77%e1
- Setting
- 1999 trialse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn flea beetles, Chaetocnema pulicaria, vector Erwinia stewartii (synamorph Pantoea stewartii), which causes Stewart's bacterial wilt of corn (Zea mays)”
e1“Incidence of Stewart's wilt in nontreated plots of the susceptible hybrid Jubilee ranged from 2% at the 8-leaf stage to 77% 1 week after mid-silk in the 1999 trials”
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