Abstract
Black scurf disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani significantly impacts potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production, causing substantial yield losses. This study evaluated integrated management strategies combining biological and chemical components for black scurf control under field conditions. In vitro screening demonstrated that 3% boric acid achieved 89.87% inhibition of fungal growth, while Trichoderma harzianum showed 85.24% growth inhibition in dual culture assays. Field trials were conducted during Rabi 2024–25 using a randomized complete block design with seven treatments and three replications. The most effective treatment comprised soil application of spent mushroom substrate + seed treatment with T. harzianum + foliar application of 2% boric acid, which significantly improved germination (89.70%), plant height (61.3 cm at 63 DAS), and yield (10.9 kg plot⁻¹) compared to untreated controls (5.7 kg plot⁻¹), representing a 91.22% yield increase. This treatment reduced disease incidence to 15% and severity to below 12%, achieving 81.54% disease control efficacy with a Black Scurf Disease Index of 3.53 compared to 21.49 in controls. These findings establish integrated management strategies as effective sustainable alternatives to conventional chemical control methods for black scurf disease management in potato cultivation.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro, 3% boric acid inhibited the growth of Rhizoctonia solani by 89.87%.
- Taxon
- Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- 3% boric acide1
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- fungal growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitione1
- Value
- 89.87%e1
- Setting
- In vitro screeninge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e0“Black scurf disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani”
e1“In vitro screening demonstrated that 3% boric acid achieved 89.87% inhibition of fungal growth”
Claim · model-written summary
In dual culture, Trichoderma harzianum inhibited the growth of Rhizoctonia solani by 85.24%.
- Taxon
- Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma harzianume2
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume2biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- inhibitione2
- Value
- 85.24%e2
- Setting
- dual culture assayse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e0“Black scurf disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani”
e2“Trichoderma harzianum showed 85.24% growth inhibition in dual culture assays”
Claim · model-written summary
The most effective integrated treatment significantly improved potato germination (89.70%).
- Taxon
- Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- soil application of spent mushroom substrate + seed treatment with T. harzianum + foliar application of 2% boric acide4
- Outcome
- germinatione3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 89.70%e3
- Comparator
- untreated controlse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e3“significantly improved germination (89.70%), plant height (61.3 cm at 63 DAS), and yield (10.9 kg plot⁻¹) compared to untreated controls (5.7 kg plot⁻¹)”
e4“The most effective treatment comprised soil application of spent mushroom substrate + seed treatment with T. harzianum + foliar application of 2% boric acid”
Claim · model-written summary
The most effective integrated treatment significantly increased potato plant height to 61.3 cm at 63 DAS.
- Taxon
- Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- soil application of spent mushroom substrate + seed treatment with T. harzianum + foliar application of 2% boric acide4
- Outcome
- plant heighte3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 61.3 cm at 63 DASe3
- Comparator
- untreated controlse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e3“significantly improved germination (89.70%), plant height (61.3 cm at 63 DAS), and yield (10.9 kg plot⁻¹) compared to untreated controls (5.7 kg plot⁻¹)”
e4“The most effective treatment comprised soil application of spent mushroom substrate + seed treatment with T. harzianum + foliar application of 2% boric acid”
Claim · model-written summary
The most effective integrated treatment significantly improved potato yield to 10.9 kg per plot.
- Taxon
- Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- soil application of spent mushroom substrate + seed treatment with T. harzianum + foliar application of 2% boric acide4
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 10.9 kg plot⁻¹e3
- Qualifier
- 5.7 kg plot⁻¹e3
- Comparator
- untreated controlse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e3“significantly improved germination (89.70%), plant height (61.3 cm at 63 DAS), and yield (10.9 kg plot⁻¹) compared to untreated controls (5.7 kg plot⁻¹)”
e4“The most effective treatment comprised soil application of spent mushroom substrate + seed treatment with T. harzianum + foliar application of 2% boric acid”
Claim · model-written summary
The most effective integrated treatment gave a 91.22% yield increase over untreated controls.
- Taxon
- Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- soil application of spent mushroom substrate + seed treatment with T. harzianum + foliar application of 2% boric acide4
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Value
- 91.22%e5
- Comparator
- untreated controlse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e3“significantly improved germination (89.70%), plant height (61.3 cm at 63 DAS), and yield (10.9 kg plot⁻¹) compared to untreated controls (5.7 kg plot⁻¹)”
e4“The most effective treatment comprised soil application of spent mushroom substrate + seed treatment with T. harzianum + foliar application of 2% boric acid”
e5“representing a 91.22% yield increase”
Claim · model-written summary
The most effective integrated treatment reduced black scurf disease incidence to 15%.
- Taxon
- Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- soil application of spent mushroom substrate + seed treatment with T. harzianum + foliar application of 2% boric acide4
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- 15%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e0“Black scurf disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani”
e4“The most effective treatment comprised soil application of spent mushroom substrate + seed treatment with T. harzianum + foliar application of 2% boric acid”
e6“This treatment reduced disease incidence to 15% and severity to below 12%”
Claim · model-written summary
The most effective integrated treatment reduced black scurf disease severity to below 12%.
- Taxon
- Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- soil application of spent mushroom substrate + seed treatment with T. harzianum + foliar application of 2% boric acide4
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- severitye6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- below 12%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e0“Black scurf disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani”
e4“The most effective treatment comprised soil application of spent mushroom substrate + seed treatment with T. harzianum + foliar application of 2% boric acid”
e6“This treatment reduced disease incidence to 15% and severity to below 12%”
Claim · model-written summary
The most effective integrated treatment achieved 81.54% disease control efficacy.
- Taxon
- Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- soil application of spent mushroom substrate + seed treatment with T. harzianum + foliar application of 2% boric acide4
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease control efficacye7
- Direction
- increaseinferrede7
- Value
- 81.54%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e0“Black scurf disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani”
e4“The most effective treatment comprised soil application of spent mushroom substrate + seed treatment with T. harzianum + foliar application of 2% boric acid”
e7“achieving 81.54% disease control efficacy with a Black Scurf Disease Index of 3.53 compared to 21.49 in controls”
Claim · model-written summary
The most effective integrated treatment lowered the Black Scurf Disease Index to 3.53, against 21.49 in controls.
- Taxon
- Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- soil application of spent mushroom substrate + seed treatment with T. harzianum + foliar application of 2% boric acide4
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- Black Scurf Disease Indexe7
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede7
- Value
- 3.53e7
- Qualifier
- 21.49e7
- Comparator
- controlse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e0“Black scurf disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani”
e4“The most effective treatment comprised soil application of spent mushroom substrate + seed treatment with T. harzianum + foliar application of 2% boric acid”
e7“achieving 81.54% disease control efficacy with a Black Scurf Disease Index of 3.53 compared to 21.49 in controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated biological and chemical management is an effective sustainable alternative to conventional chemical control of black scurf.
- Taxon
- Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- effective sustainable alternativese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“These findings establish integrated management strategies as effective sustainable alternatives to conventional chemical control methods”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma harzianum · growth · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →boric acid · growth · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
boric acid · Rhizoctonia solani · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
boric acid · yield · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Trichoderma harzianum · Rhizoctonia solani · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Trichoderma harzianum · yield · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results agree
10 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →seed treatment · yield · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →seed treatment · growth · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →8 of 14 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.