Abstract
Introduction Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) is an important tree species that is often regenerated through seedling establishment. The resistance of these seedlings to drought treatments and their recovery are essential to forest regeneration. The association with ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi such as Paxillus involutus has the potential to improve drought resistance and possibly recovery. Here, we conducted two experiments to evaluate the impact of P. involutus inoculation on growth and water use of pine seedlings under contrasting drought intensities. Methods In the first experiment, EcM fungal-inoculated and non-inoculated seedlings were subjected to well-watered (100% field capacity—control treatment) or low-watered (10% field capacity for 1 week—drought treatment) conditions, followed by a recovery phase in a semi-hydroponic cultivation system. In the second experiment, seedlings were initially subjected to well-watered or moderate water conditions (100 and 30% field capacity, respectively), followed by prolonged low-watered conditions (10% field capacity for 1 month), each followed by a recovery phase. Results In the first experiment, EcM fungal-colonized pine seedlings showed increased aboveground biomass, higher photosynthetic rates, water-use efficiency, and elevated nitrogen and phosphorus contents under low-water conditions. In the second experiment, a prolonged low-water regime reduced root colonization by the EcM fungus. During recovery, P. involutus -inoculated seedlings had an increase in ammonium assimilation under well-watered conditions and appeared to recover more efficiently, in particular from prolonged low-water conditions, with higher chlorophyll production, possibly due to increased nutrient availability and/or fungal demand. Discussion Our results suggest that the benefits of P. involutus depend on both water regime and drought duration: a short-term low-water regime (10% field capacity for 1 week) enhances EcM benefits, while under a moderate water regime (30% field capacity) the fungal effect was not evident. We conclude that P. involutus can confer significant benefits to pine seedlings, making it a valuable strategy for forest regeneration in temperate climates facing drought episodes.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
EcM fungal-colonized pine seedlings had increased aboveground biomass under low-water conditions
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestris
Pinus sylvestrist0 - Treatment
- EcM fungal-colonizede1
- Outcome
- aboveground biomasse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- under low-water conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pinus sylvestris”
e1“EcM fungal-colonized pine seedlings showed increased aboveground biomass, higher photosynthetic rates, water-use efficiency, and elevated nitrogen and phosphorus contents under low-water conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
EcM fungal-colonized pine seedlings had higher photosynthetic rates under low-water conditions
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrist0
- Treatment
- EcM fungal-colonizede1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratese1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- under low-water conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pinus sylvestris”
e1“EcM fungal-colonized pine seedlings showed increased aboveground biomass, higher photosynthetic rates, water-use efficiency, and elevated nitrogen and phosphorus contents under low-water conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
EcM fungal-colonized pine seedlings had higher water-use efficiency under low-water conditions
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrist0
- Treatment
- EcM fungal-colonizede1
- Outcome
- water-use efficiencye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- under low-water conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pinus sylvestris”
e1“EcM fungal-colonized pine seedlings showed increased aboveground biomass, higher photosynthetic rates, water-use efficiency, and elevated nitrogen and phosphorus contents under low-water conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
EcM fungal-colonized pine seedlings had elevated nitrogen and phosphorus contents under low-water conditions
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrist0
- Treatment
- EcM fungal-colonizede1
- Outcome
- nitrogen and phosphorus contentse1
- Direction
- elevatede1
- Qualifier
- under low-water conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pinus sylvestris”
e1“EcM fungal-colonized pine seedlings showed increased aboveground biomass, higher photosynthetic rates, water-use efficiency, and elevated nitrogen and phosphorus contents under low-water conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
A prolonged low-water regime reduced root colonization by the EcM fungus
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrist0
- Treatment
- prolonged low-water regimee2
- Interactor
- EcM funguse2symbiont
- Outcome
- root colonizatione2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pinus sylvestris”
e2“a prolonged low-water regime reduced root colonization by the EcM fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
P. involutus-inoculated seedlings had increased ammonium assimilation under well-watered conditions during recovery
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrist0
- Treatment
- P. involutus -inoculatede3
- Interactor
- P. involutus
.jpg?width=60)
Paxillus involutuse3symbiont - Outcome
- ammonium assimilatione3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Qualifier
- under well-watered conditionse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Pinus sylvestris”
e3“During recovery, P. involutus -inoculated seedlings had an increase in ammonium assimilation under well-watered conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
P. involutus-inoculated seedlings appeared to have higher chlorophyll production during recovery, possibly due to nutrient availability or fungal demand
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrist0
- Treatment
- P. involutus -inoculatede3
- Interactor
- P. involutusPaxillus involutuse3symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll productione4
- Direction
- highere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pinus sylvestris”
e3“During recovery, P. involutus -inoculated seedlings had an increase in ammonium assimilation under well-watered conditions”
e4“with higher chlorophyll production, possibly due to increased nutrient availability and/or fungal demand”
Claim · model-written summary
P. involutus is a valuable strategy for forest regeneration in temperate climates facing drought episodes
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrist0
- Outcome
- valuable strategy for forest regeneratione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pinus sylvestris”
e5“P. involutus can confer significant benefits to pine seedlings, making it a valuable strategy for forest regeneration in temperate climates facing drought episodes”
Claim · model-written summary
Under a moderate water regime (30% field capacity) the fungal effect of P. involutus was not evident
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrist0
- Outcome
- fungal effecte6
- Qualifier
- under a moderate water regime (30% field capacity)e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pinus sylvestris”
e6“under a moderate water regime (30% field capacity) the fungal effect was not evident”
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See all 5 papers →mycorrhiza · physiology: photosynthesis · Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine)Results agree
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.