Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a multiunit-E3 ligase, governs both mitotic and non-mitotic pathways by interacting with ubiquitinated proteins. However, developmental functions of APC/C subunits in tomato have been rarely studied. Here, we identified a total of nine APC/C subunits in tomato genome and established their functions in leaf and fruit development via VIGS gene silencing technology. Protein interactions between subunits revealed that tomato ‘Heinz 1706’ had a slightly different APC/C structure from other systems, in which APC8 and APC10 had the most interactions. Silencing APC/C subunits in tomato led to smaller plants with significantly reduced plant height, biomass, leaf area, flower size and fruit size. Cytological analyses confirmed that silencing APC/C subunits repressed both cell division and expansion in tomato leaves and fruits. Both flow cytometric and mitotic index analyses verified the positive role of APC/C in regulating M phase of cell cycle, which led to increased DNA contents in cells of silencing plants. APC1, APC2, APC4, APC11 and CDC27a had more impacts on the floral organ development than other subunits. Silencing APC/C subunits reduced the pollen viability due to unbalanced meiotic division. APC4 and APC6 were important for the fruit maturation while APC1, APC4 and APC10 modulated the fruit shape. Taken together, our findings illustrate that APC/C is essential for tomato development through the modulation of mitotic and meiotic division, and different subunits may have distinct or more profound impacts on the certain tissue development than others.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Nine APC/C subunits were identified in the tomato genome.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Gene
- APC/C subunitse0
- Outcome
- APC/C subunitse0
- Value
- ninee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we identified a total of nine APC/C subunits in tomato genome”
Claim · model-written summary
APC8 and APC10 had the most interactions within a somewhat distinct APC/C structure in Heinz 1706.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Heinz 1706e0
- Gene
- APC8 and APC10e0
- Outcome
- most interactionse0
- Comparator
- other systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato ‘Heinz 1706’ had a slightly different APC/C structure from other systems, in which APC8 and APC10 had the most interactions.”
Claim · model-written summary
APC/C silencing reduced height, biomass and leaf area.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Silencing APC/C subunitse0
- Outcome
- plant height, biomass, leaf areae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing APC/C subunits in tomato led to smaller plants with significantly reduced plant height, biomass, leaf area, flower size and fruit size.”
Claim · model-written summary
APC/C silencing reduced flower and fruit size.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Silencing APC/C subunitse0
- Outcome
- flower size and fruit sizee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing APC/C subunits in tomato led to smaller plants with significantly reduced plant height, biomass, leaf area, flower size and fruit size.”
Claim · model-written summary
APC/C silencing repressed cell division and expansion in leaves and fruits.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and fruitse0
- Treatment
- silencing APC/C subunitse0
- Outcome
- cell division and expansione0
- Direction
- repressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing APC/C subunits repressed both cell division and expansion in tomato leaves and fruits.”
Claim · model-written summary
APC/C positively regulates M phase, with increased cellular DNA content in silenced plants.
- Gene
- APC/Ce0
- Outcome
- M phase of cell cyclee0
- Qualifier
- increased DNA contents in cells of silencing plantse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“positive role of APC/C in regulating M phase of cell cycle, which led to increased DNA contents in cells of silencing plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
APC1, APC2 and APC4 had greater floral developmental effects than other subunits.
- Gene
- APC1, APC2, APC4e0
- Outcome
- impacts on the floral organ developmente0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- other subunitse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“APC1, APC2, APC4, APC11 and CDC27a had more impacts on the floral organ development than other subunits.”
Claim · model-written summary
APC11 and CDC27a had greater floral developmental effects than other subunits.
- Gene
- APC11 and CDC27ae0
- Outcome
- impacts on the floral organ developmente0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- other subunitse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“APC1, APC2, APC4, APC11 and CDC27a had more impacts on the floral organ development than other subunits.”
Claim · model-written summary
APC/C silencing reduced pollen viability due to unbalanced meiosis.
- Treatment
- Silencing APC/C subunitse0
- Outcome
- pollen viabilitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- unbalanced meiotic divisione0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Silencing APC/C subunits reduced the pollen viability due to unbalanced meiotic division.”
Claim · model-written summary
APC4 and APC6 were important for fruit maturation.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“APC4 and APC6 were important for the fruit maturation”
Claim · model-written summary
APC1, APC4 and APC10 modulated fruit shape.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“APC1, APC4 and APC10 modulated the fruit shape”
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