Abstract
Seed size is a key trait affecting evolution and agronomic performance by influencing seedling establishment in natural populations and crop yields. The Arabidopsis thaliana Seed Size QTL1 (SSQ1) locus explains 10–15% of the variation in seed size. We report here that the causal gene for this locus is Tetratricopeptide Repeat Protein 2 (TPR2), which encodes a co-chaperone. Expressing TPR2 across ecotypes and genotypes showed consistent dosage effects. Each additional TPR2Col-0 allele increased seed mass and volume by 10–14% with high reliability in Col-0, Sha, Tsu-1, and tsu2 genetic backgrounds. Reciprocal genetic crosses indicated that this locus acts maternally, consistent with female sporophytic or female gametophytic mutations. To elucidate how TPR2 regulates seed size, the biomass composition of seeds was measured. While oil content remained unchanged, sucrose levels were markedly elevated in TPR2Col-0 transformant lines and reduced in tpr2 mutants. Interestingly, heterologous expression of TPR2Col-0 across genetic backgrounds increased seed protein accumulation by 18% on average. Based on these changes in sucrose and protein levels, potential modes of action for TPR2 are discussed.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The causal gene for the SSQ1 seed-size locus is TPR2, a co-chaperone-encoding gene.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Gene
- Tetratricopeptide Repeat Protein 2 (TPR2)e1
- Outcome
- causal gene for this locuse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Arabidopsis thaliana Seed Size QTL1 (SSQ1) locus explains 10–15% of the variation in seed size”
e1“We report here that the causal gene for this locus is Tetratricopeptide Repeat Protein 2 (TPR2), which encodes a co-chaperone”
Claim · model-written summary
Expressing TPR2 across ecotypes and genotypes showed consistent dosage effects.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Gene
- TPR2e1
- Outcome
- consistent dosage effectse1
- Qualifier
- across ecotypes and genotypese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Arabidopsis thaliana Seed Size QTL1 (SSQ1) locus explains 10–15% of the variation in seed size”
e1“Expressing TPR2 across ecotypes and genotypes showed consistent dosage effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Each additional TPR2Col-0 allele increased seed mass and volume by 10–14% in Col-0, Sha, Tsu-1 and tsu2 backgrounds.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- Col-0, Sha, Tsu-1, and tsu2e1
- Treatment
- Each additional TPR2Col-0 allelee1
- Outcome
- seed mass and volumee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 10–14%e1
- Qualifier
- with high reliabilitye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Arabidopsis thaliana Seed Size QTL1 (SSQ1) locus explains 10–15% of the variation in seed size”
e1“Each additional TPR2Col-0 allele increased seed mass and volume by 10–14% with high reliability in Col-0, Sha, Tsu-1, and tsu2 genetic backgrounds”
Claim · model-written summary
The SSQ1 locus acts maternally on seed size.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Outcome
- acts maternallye1
- Qualifier
- consistent with female sporophytic or female gametophytic mutationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Arabidopsis thaliana Seed Size QTL1 (SSQ1) locus explains 10–15% of the variation in seed size”
e1“Reciprocal genetic crosses indicated that this locus acts maternally, consistent with female sporophytic or female gametophytic mutations”
Claim · model-written summary
TPR2Col-0 transformant lines showed unchanged oil content.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- TPR2Col-0 transformant linese1
- Outcome
- oil contente1
- Direction
- remained unchangede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Arabidopsis thaliana Seed Size QTL1 (SSQ1) locus explains 10–15% of the variation in seed size”
e1“While oil content remained unchanged, sucrose levels were markedly elevated in TPR2Col-0 transformant lines and reduced in tpr2 mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
TPR2Col-0 transformant lines showed markedly elevated seed sucrose levels.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- TPR2Col-0 transformant linese1
- Outcome
- sucrose levelse1
- Direction
- markedly elevatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Arabidopsis thaliana Seed Size QTL1 (SSQ1) locus explains 10–15% of the variation in seed size”
e1“While oil content remained unchanged, sucrose levels were markedly elevated in TPR2Col-0 transformant lines and reduced in tpr2 mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
tpr2 mutants showed reduced seed sucrose levels.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- tpr2 mutantse1
- Outcome
- sucrose levelse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Arabidopsis thaliana Seed Size QTL1 (SSQ1) locus explains 10–15% of the variation in seed size”
e1“While oil content remained unchanged, sucrose levels were markedly elevated in TPR2Col-0 transformant lines and reduced in tpr2 mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
Heterologous expression of TPR2Col-0 increased seed protein accumulation by 18% on average.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- heterologous expression of TPR2Col-0e1
- Gene
- TPR2Col-0e1
- Outcome
- seed protein accumulatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 18%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Arabidopsis thaliana Seed Size QTL1 (SSQ1) locus explains 10–15% of the variation in seed size”
e1“heterologous expression of TPR2Col-0 across genetic backgrounds increased seed protein accumulation by 18% on average”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · quality: oil · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.