Abstract
Photosynthetically derived sugar provides carbon skeletons for lipid biosynthesis. We used mutants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and the expression of oleogenic factors to investigate relationships among sugar availability, lipid synthesis, and the accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in leaf tissue. The adg1 mutation disables the small subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, the first step in starch synthesis, and the suc2 mutation disables a sucrose/proton symporter that facilitates sucrose loading from leaves into phloem. The adg1suc2 double mutant increases glucose plus sucrose content in leaves 80-fold relative to the wild type, total fatty acid (FA) content 1.8-fold to 8.3% dry weight, and TAG more than 10-fold to 1.2% dry weight. The WRINKLED1 transcription factor also accumulates to higher levels in these leaves, and the rate of FA synthesis increases by 58%. Adding tt4, which disables chalcone synthase, had little effect, but adding the tgd1 mutation, which disables an importer of lipids into plastids to create adg1suc2tt4tgd1, increased total leaf FA to 13.5% dry weight and TAG to 3.8% dry weight, demonstrating a synergistic effect upon combining these mutations. Combining adg1suc2 with the sdp1 mutation, deficient in the predominant TAG lipase, had little effect on total FA content but increased the TAG accumulation by 66% to 2% dry weight. Expression of the WRINKLED1 transcription factor, along with DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 and the OLEOSIN1 oil body-associated protein, in the adg1suc2 mutant doubled leaf FA content and increased TAG content to 2.3% dry weight, a level 4.6-fold higher than that resulting from expression of the same factors in the wild type.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
The adg1suc2 double mutant increased leaf glucose plus sucrose content relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Material
- adg1suc2 double mutante0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- glucose plus sucrose contente0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 80-folde0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The adg1suc2 double mutant increases glucose plus sucrose content in leaves 80-fold relative to the wild type, total fatty acid (FA) content 1.8-fold to 8.3% dry weight, and TAG more than 10-fold to 1.2% dry weight.”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
The adg1suc2 double mutant increased leaf total fatty acid (FA) content relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- adg1suc2 double mutante0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- total fatty acid (FA) contente0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 1.8-fold to 8.3% dry weighte0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The adg1suc2 double mutant increases glucose plus sucrose content in leaves 80-fold relative to the wild type, total fatty acid (FA) content 1.8-fold to 8.3% dry weight, and TAG more than 10-fold to 1.2% dry weight.”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
The adg1suc2 double mutant increased leaf TAG relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- adg1suc2 double mutante0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- TAGe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- more than 10-fold to 1.2% dry weighte0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The adg1suc2 double mutant increases glucose plus sucrose content in leaves 80-fold relative to the wild type, total fatty acid (FA) content 1.8-fold to 8.3% dry weight, and TAG more than 10-fold to 1.2% dry weight.”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
WRINKLED1 accumulated to higher levels in adg1suc2 leaves.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Gene
- WRINKLED1e0
- Outcome
- WRINKLED1 transcription factore0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The WRINKLED1 transcription factor also accumulates to higher levels in these leaves, and the rate of FA synthesis increases by 58%.”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
FA synthesis rate increased by 58% in these leaves.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- rate of FA synthesise0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 58%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The WRINKLED1 transcription factor also accumulates to higher levels in these leaves, and the rate of FA synthesis increases by 58%.”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding tt4 had little effect.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Adding tt4e0
- Outcome
- little effecte0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Adding tt4, which disables chalcone synthase, had little effect, but adding the tgd1 mutation, which disables an importer of lipids into plastids to create adg1suc2tt4tgd1, increased total leaf FA to 13.5% dry weight and TAG to 3.8% dry weight, demonstrating a synergistic effect upon combining these mutations.”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding tgd1 increased total leaf FA.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- adg1suc2tt4tgd1e0
- Treatment
- adding the tgd1 mutatione0
- Outcome
- total leaf FAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.5% dry weighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Adding tt4, which disables chalcone synthase, had little effect, but adding the tgd1 mutation, which disables an importer of lipids into plastids to create adg1suc2tt4tgd1, increased total leaf FA to 13.5% dry weight and TAG to 3.8% dry weight, demonstrating a synergistic effect upon combining these mutations.”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding tgd1 increased TAG.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- adg1suc2tt4tgd1e0
- Treatment
- adding the tgd1 mutatione0
- Outcome
- TAGe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.8% dry weighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Adding tt4, which disables chalcone synthase, had little effect, but adding the tgd1 mutation, which disables an importer of lipids into plastids to create adg1suc2tt4tgd1, increased total leaf FA to 13.5% dry weight and TAG to 3.8% dry weight, demonstrating a synergistic effect upon combining these mutations.”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding sdp1 had little effect on total FA content.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- adg1suc2e0
- Treatment
- sdp1 mutatione0
- Outcome
- total FA contente0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combining adg1suc2 with the sdp1 mutation, deficient in the predominant TAG lipase, had little effect on total FA content but increased the TAG accumulation by 66% to 2% dry weight.”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding sdp1 increased TAG accumulation by 66% to 2% dry weight.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- adg1suc2e0
- Treatment
- sdp1 mutatione0
- Outcome
- TAG accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 66% to 2% dry weighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combining adg1suc2 with the sdp1 mutation, deficient in the predominant TAG lipase, had little effect on total FA content but increased the TAG accumulation by 66% to 2% dry weight.”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of the three oleogenic factors doubled leaf FA content.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- adg1suc2 mutante0
- Treatment
- Expression of the WRINKLED1 transcription factor, along with DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 and the OLEOSIN1 oil body-associated proteine0
- Outcome
- leaf FA contente0
- Direction
- doublede0
- Value
- doublede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of the WRINKLED1 transcription factor, along with DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 and the OLEOSIN1 oil body-associated protein, in the adg1suc2 mutant doubled leaf FA content and increased TAG content to 2.3% dry weight, a level 4.6-fold higher than that resulting from expression of the same factors in the wild type.”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of the three oleogenic factors increased TAG content.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- adg1suc2 mutante0
- Treatment
- Expression of the WRINKLED1 transcription factor, along with DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 and the OLEOSIN1 oil body-associated proteine0
- Outcome
- TAG contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.3% dry weighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of the WRINKLED1 transcription factor, along with DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 and the OLEOSIN1 oil body-associated protein, in the adg1suc2 mutant doubled leaf FA content and increased TAG content to 2.3% dry weight, a level 4.6-fold higher than that resulting from expression of the same factors in the wild type.”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of the three oleogenic factors higher TAG content.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- adg1suc2 mutante0
- Treatment
- Expression of the WRINKLED1 transcription factor, along with DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 and the OLEOSIN1 oil body-associated proteine0
- Outcome
- TAG contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.6-folde0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of the WRINKLED1 transcription factor, along with DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 and the OLEOSIN1 oil body-associated protein, in the adg1suc2 mutant doubled leaf FA content and increased TAG content to 2.3% dry weight, a level 4.6-fold higher than that resulting from expression of the same factors in the wild type.”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
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