Abstract
The production of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in India is negatively impacted by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) which is a major soil-borne disease. Keeping Fusarium wilt under control is crucial for maintaining crop yield. Various approaches have been proposed to combat Fusarium wilt. The toxic forms of chemicals remain in the soil and pollute the entire environment because they are continuously used. The purpose of this study is to determine the occurrence and severity of Fusarium wilt in important districts where watermelon is grown in Tamil Nadu and to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of native Trichoderma asperellum isolates as potential biocontrol agents. Field surveys conducted across 15 locations revealed varying levels of disease incidence, with Vaidapakkam village recording the highest incidence (42.14%). Ten Fon isolates (Fon1–Fon10) and ten native Trichoderma isolates (TsI1–TsI10) were obtained from infected plant tissues and rhizosphere soils, respectively. Among these, Fon5 was identified as the most virulent isolate. Dual culture assays demonstrated that T. asperellum isolate TsI4 exhibited the highest antagonistic activity, inhibiting Fon5 growth by 81.74%. Further, poisoned food and well diffusion assays confirmed that TsI4 culture filtrates significantly suppressed Fon5 mycelial growth in a dose-dependent manner, achieving up to 95.13% inhibition in the poisoned food assay and a 28.72 mm inhibition zone in the agar well diffusion method at 40% concentration. The results indicate that T. asperellum isolates, particularly TsI4, have a strong chance of being biological control agents against Fusarium wilt in watermelon cultivation, and are an ecological alternative to chemical fungicides. Trichoderma asperellum shows good effect on suppression of Fusarium wilt pathogen under in vitro condition. Farmers growing watermelon crop must use Bio-control agent Trichoderma for the management of wilt disease thereby resulting in sustainable yields with highest economic returns.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Vaidapakkam village had the highest Fusarium wilt incidence, 42.14%.
- Taxon
- Watermelon
Citrullus lanatust0 - Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveumt0pathogen - Outcome
- highest incidencee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 42.14%e0
- Setting
- Vaidapakkam villagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field surveys conducted across 15 locations revealed varying levels of disease incidence, with Vaidapakkam village recording the highest incidence (42.14%).”
t0“Watermelon Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fon5 was the most virulent Fusarium isolate.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Fon5e0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveumFusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- most virulent isolatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among these, Fon5 was identified as the most virulent isolate.”
t0“Watermelon Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum”
Claim · model-written summary
TsI4 inhibited Fon5 growth by 81.74%, the highest antagonistic activity.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- T. asperellum isolate TsI4e0
- Second interactor
- T. asperellum isolate TsI4
Trichoderma asperellume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- Fon5 growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
- Value
- 81.74%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. asperellum isolate TsI4 exhibited the highest antagonistic activity, inhibiting Fon5 growth by 81.74%.”
t0“Watermelon Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum”
Claim · model-written summary
TsI4 culture filtrates suppressed Fon5 mycelial growth in a dose-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- TsI4 culture filtratese0
- Second interactor
- TsI4e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Fon5 mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Qualifier
- dose-dependent mannere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TsI4 culture filtrates significantly suppressed Fon5 mycelial growth in a dose-dependent manner”
t0“Watermelon Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum”
Claim · model-written summary
Poisoned food assay showed up to 95.13% Fon5 inhibition at 40% concentration.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- TsI4 culture filtratese1
- Second interactor
- TsI4e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Fon5 mycelial growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 95.13%e0
- Qualifier
- 40% concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“achieving up to 95.13% inhibition in the poisoned food assay and a 28.72 mm inhibition zone in the agar well diffusion method at 40% concentration”
e1“TsI4 culture filtrates significantly suppressed Fon5 mycelial growth”
t0“Watermelon Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum”
Claim · model-written summary
Agar well diffusion yielded a 28.72 mm inhibition zone at 40% concentration.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- TsI4 culture filtratese1
- Second interactor
- TsI4e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition zonee0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 28.72 mme0
- Qualifier
- 40% concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 28.72 mm inhibition zone in the agar well diffusion method at 40% concentration”
e1“TsI4 culture filtrates significantly suppressed Fon5 mycelial growth”
t0“Watermelon Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Trichoderma biocontrol for watermelon wilt management.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- use Bio-control agent Trichoderma for the management of wilt diseasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Farmers growing watermelon crop must use Bio-control agent Trichoderma for the management of wilt disease thereby resulting in sustainable yields with highest economic returns.”
The same questions in other papers
pathogen product · disease · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.