Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the allelopathic effect of leaf extracts from the thorny acacia tree (Vachellia nilotica) on the germination and seedling growth of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L). The experiment was conducted using three different concentrations of the aqueous extract of acacia leaves extract which are (0%, 20%, 40%, or 60%), in addition to a control group treated with distilled water. The effects of these extracts were assessed by measuring the parameters of Germination percentage, plumule and radicle length, seedling dry weight, and imbibition percentage. The results showed that the extracts at 40% and 60% concentrations enhanced the imbibition percentage compared to the control group, while for these concentrations (20%, and 60%) has no significant effect on the germination rate. Lower concentrations (20% and 40%) significantly stimulated plumule growth, whereas the highest concentration (60%) resulted in a reduction in plumule and radicle length. Moreover, the 60% concentration exhibited an inhibitory effect on radicle root growth, suggesting that the plant extracts may contain allelopathic compounds that influence seedling development. These findings confirm that the allelopathic effect of V. nilotica extracts is concentration-dependent (what are the allelopathic active compounds of V. nilotica), with a stimulatory effect at low doses and an inhibitory effect at higher doses. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of allelopathic influence and its potential applications in mixed agricultural systems.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Forty percent acacia extract enhanced watermelon seed imbibition relative to control.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse1 - Treatment
- 40%e0
- Interactor
- Vachellia nilotica
_flowers_at_Hodal_W_IMG_1163.jpg?width=60)
Vachellia niloticae2other - Outcome
- imbibition percentagee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_flowers_at_Hodal_W_IMG_1163.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“extracts at 40% and 60% concentrations enhanced the imbibition percentage compared to the control group”
e1“watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L)”
e2“leaf extracts from the thorny acacia tree (Vachellia nilotica)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sixty percent acacia extract enhanced watermelon seed imbibition relative to control.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- 60%e0
- Interactor
- Vachellia niloticaVachellia niloticae2other
- Outcome
- imbibition percentagee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“extracts at 40% and 60% concentrations enhanced the imbibition percentage compared to the control group”
e1“watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L)”
e2“leaf extracts from the thorny acacia tree (Vachellia nilotica)”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty percent extract had no significant effect on germination rate.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- 20%e0
- Interactor
- Vachellia niloticaVachellia niloticae2other
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these concentrations (20%, and 60%) has no significant effect on the germination rate”
e1“watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L)”
e2“leaf extracts from the thorny acacia tree (Vachellia nilotica)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sixty percent extract had no significant effect on germination rate.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- 60%e0
- Interactor
- Vachellia niloticaVachellia niloticae2other
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these concentrations (20%, and 60%) has no significant effect on the germination rate”
e1“watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L)”
e2“leaf extracts from the thorny acacia tree (Vachellia nilotica)”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty percent extract significantly stimulated plumule growth.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- 20%e0
- Interactor
- Vachellia niloticaVachellia niloticae2other
- Outcome
- plumule growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower concentrations (20% and 40%) significantly stimulated plumule growth”
e1“watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L)”
e2“leaf extracts from the thorny acacia tree (Vachellia nilotica)”
Claim · model-written summary
Forty percent extract significantly stimulated plumule growth.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- 40%e0
- Interactor
- Vachellia niloticaVachellia niloticae2other
- Outcome
- plumule growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower concentrations (20% and 40%) significantly stimulated plumule growth”
e1“watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L)”
e2“leaf extracts from the thorny acacia tree (Vachellia nilotica)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sixty percent extract reduced plumule length.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- 60%e0
- Interactor
- Vachellia niloticaVachellia niloticae2other
- Outcome
- plumulee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest concentration (60%) resulted in a reduction in plumule and radicle length”
e1“watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L)”
e2“leaf extracts from the thorny acacia tree (Vachellia nilotica)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sixty percent extract reduced radicle length.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- 60%e0
- Interactor
- Vachellia niloticaVachellia niloticae2other
- Outcome
- radicle lengthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest concentration (60%) resulted in a reduction in plumule and radicle length”
e1“watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L)”
e2“leaf extracts from the thorny acacia tree (Vachellia nilotica)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors interpreted acacia extract allelopathy as concentration dependent.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- V. nilotica extractse0
- Interactor
- V. niloticaVachellia niloticae0other
- Outcome
- allelopathic effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the allelopathic effect of V. nilotica extracts is concentration-dependent”
e1“watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L)”