Abstract
Bacterial leaf spot, particularly in chili peppers, is major concern worldwide, particularly in chili peppers. Enhancing pepper resistance to bacterial leaf spot addresses a key agricultural challenge while minimizing chemical usage. In this study, the efficacy of plant resistance inducers (PRIs) in controlling bacterial leaf spot in peppers was evaluated through molecular and secondary metabolite analyses. Pepper plant seedlings were treated with salicylic acid (SA), acibenzolar-S-methyl, β-aminobutyric acid, chitosan, Bacillus subtilis B01, and B. velezensis CH6 and inoculated with Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria. Disease severity was assessed, and the expression level of genes (PR-1, PR-2, PR-4, and CAT) and the abundance of secondary metabolites were analyzed via quantitative PCR (qPCR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. Soil drenching with B. subtilis B01 produced the best effects, reducing the disease severity by 80% and significantly inducing PR-1 expression 24–48 h post-treatment. SA was similarly effective in inducing systemic acquired resistance (SAR), while β-aminobutyric acid primed antioxidative defenses through sustained catalase (CAT) expression, and chitosan induced PR-4. GC-MS analysis revealed secondary metabolites associated with systemic resistance pathways including SAR and induced systemic resistance (ISR). Herein, B. subtilis B01 and SA were identified as potent resistance inducers that reduce the disease severity of bacterial leaf spot and activate key defense pathways in pepper plants. These findings contribute to the development of sustainable, integrated disease management strategies.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Soil drenching with B. subtilis B01 reduced bacterial leaf spot severity by 80%.
- Taxon
- Bell Peppert0
- Treatment
- Soil drenching with B. subtilis B01e0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoriaXanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoriae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. subtilis B01
Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil drenching with B. subtilis B01 produced the best effects, reducing the disease severity by 80%”
e1“inoculated with Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria.”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis B01 significantly induced pepper PR-1 expression 24–48 h after treatment.
- Taxon
- Bell Peppert0
- Treatment
- Soil drenching with B. subtilis B01e0
- Interactor
- B. subtilis B01Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- PR-1e0
- Outcome
- PR-1 expressione0
- Direction
- inducinge0
- Qualifier
- 24–48 h post-treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil drenching with B. subtilis B01 produced the best effects, reducing the disease severity by 80% and significantly inducing PR-1 expression 24–48 h post-treatment.”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid induced systemic acquired resistance in pepper.
- Taxon
- Bell Peppert0
- Treatment
- salicylic acid (SA)e1
- Outcome
- systemic acquired resistance (SAR)e0
- Direction
- inducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“SA was similarly effective in inducing systemic acquired resistance (SAR)”
e1“treated with salicylic acid (SA)”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
β-aminobutyric acid primed antioxidative defenses through sustained catalase expression.
Verbatim
e0“β-aminobutyric acid primed antioxidative defenses through sustained catalase (CAT) expression”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan induced PR-4 in pepper.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“chitosan induced PR-4”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Secondary metabolites associated with systemic resistance pathways were found.
- Taxon
- Bell Peppert0
- Outcome
- secondary metabolitese0
- Qualifier
- systemic resistance pathways including SAR and induced systemic resistance (ISR)e0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorTreatmentComparatorSettingDirection
Verbatim
e0“GC-MS analysis revealed secondary metabolites associated with systemic resistance pathways including SAR and induced systemic resistance (ISR).”
t0“Bell Pepper”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · disease · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
application · molecular: expression · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.