Abstract
Mutational breeding is a cost-effective and time-efficient technique that enhances genetic variability in crops by inducing mutations using physical agents like gamma rays or chemical agents like sodium azide, without involving genetic engineering. The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of gamma radiation and sodium azide (SA) on the growth performance of two soybean varieties (TGX 1987-62F and TGX 1835-10E). Growth parameters included germination percentage, plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of pods per plant, days to 50 % flowering, chlorophyll content, 100-seed weight and total grain yield. The experiment included 20 treatments and was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Statistical analysis showed that among the two varieties, the highest rate of germination (60.0 % seedling/plot) was found in TGX 1835 (15Gy) while, 19.67 % seedling/plot was observed at 0.0.2 % SA. Average plant height (64.40 cm) was observed in TGX 1835 irradiated with 10Gy, as compared to the controls (TGX 1987: 55.46 cm and TGX 1835: 60.93 cm). Highest average leaf count in TGX 1987 was 125.67 leaves/plant, irradiated with 10Gy while, 183.33 leaves/plant, treated with 0.02 % SA. The highest total leaf area of 163.19 cm2 was recorded in TGX 1835 in M1 (mutation 1 generation) plants and 163.56 cm2, treated with 0.02 % SA. The gamma ray’s treatment at 10Gy in TGX 1835 affirmed its potential in generating highest yield in M1 plants. Future breeding programs should focus on stabilizing these mutants (M1 and subsequent generations) to develop commercially viable high-yield varieties, for food security.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
TGX 1835 at 15Gy had 60.0% germination.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Material
- TGX 1835e0
- Treatment
- 15Gye0
- Outcome
- rate of germinatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 60.0 % seedling/plote0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest rate of germination (60.0 % seedling/plot) was found in TGX 1835 (15Gy)”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium azide at 0.0.2% yielded 19.67% seedlings per plot.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 0.0.2 % SAe0
- Outcome
- seedling/plote0
- Value
- 19.67 % seedling/plote0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“19.67 % seedling/plot was observed at 0.0.2 % SA”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
TGX 1835 at 10Gy reached 64.40 cm height versus 60.93 cm control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- TGX 1835e0
- Treatment
- 10Gye0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Value
- 64.40 cme0
- Qualifier
- 60.93 cme0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average plant height (64.40 cm) was observed in TGX 1835 irradiated with 10Gy, as compared to the controls (TGX 1987: 55.46 cm and TGX 1835: 60.93 cm)”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
TGX 1987 at 10Gy had 125.67 leaves per plant.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- TGX 1987e0
- Treatment
- 10Gye0
- Outcome
- average leaf counte0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 125.67 leaves/plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest average leaf count in TGX 1987 was 125.67 leaves/plant, irradiated with 10Gy”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium azide at 0.02% produced 183.33 leaves per plant.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 0.02 % SAe0
- Outcome
- leaves/plante0
- Value
- 183.33 leaves/plante0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“183.33 leaves/plant, treated with 0.02 % SA”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
TGX 1835 had 163.19 cm2 maximum leaf area in M1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- TGX 1835e0
- Outcome
- total leaf areae0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 163.19 cm2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest total leaf area of 163.19 cm2 was recorded in TGX 1835 in M1 (mutation 1 generation) plants”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium azide at 0.02% produced leaf area of 163.56 cm2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 0.02 % SAe0
- Outcome
- total leaf areat1
- Value
- 163.56 cm2e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“163.56 cm2, treated with 0.02 % SA”
t0“soybean”
t1“highest total leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten Gy gamma rays gave TGX 1835 the highest M1 yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- TGX 1835e0
- Treatment
- gamma ray’s treatment at 10Gye0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The gamma ray’s treatment at 10Gy in TGX 1835 affirmed its potential in generating highest yield in M1 plants.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend stabilizing M1 mutants for high-yield varieties.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- stabilizing these mutants (M1 and subsequent generations)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Future breeding programs should focus on stabilizing these mutants (M1 and subsequent generations) to develop commercially viable high-yield varieties”
t0“soybean”
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