Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the principal vegetable crop grown for its nutritional and economic value.Major limiting factor in tomato production is early blight caused by Alternaria solani, which causes severe yield loss.This study was carried out in the Rabi season of 2023-2024 at SHUATS, Prayagraj to evaluate the efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens in combination with essential oils for the biological management of early blight.The field experiment followed a Randomized Block Design (RBD) where seven treatments were compared against three replications.Seed treatment and foliar sprays consisting of 2-10 ml of P. fluorescens and 3% concentration of essential oils (neem, castor, clove, eucalyptus, and mustard) were included in treatments.For comparison, a chemical control was also included.Percent Disease Intensity (PDI) were observed at 60-, 75-, and 90-days post transplanting, growth attributes, yield and cost benefit ratio.Among the combinations the combination of P. fluorescens (2 ml) + neem oil (3%) was the most effective, having the lowest PDI (16.23% at 90 DAT), improved plant height and branching, and the highest yield (25.63 t ha-1).In addition, this treatment provided the highest economic return.These results suggest that the integration of biological control agents and essential oils may provide sustainable, ecofriendly alternative to control early blight in tomatoes.Using this approach decreases chemical pesticide use and promotes better sustainable agricultural practices.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens plus neem oil had the lowest early-blight intensity, 16.23% at 90 DAT.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- P. fluorescens (2 ml) + neem oil (3%)e0
- Interactor
- Alternaria solani
Alternaria solanit0pathogen - Second interactor
- P. fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- PDIe0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 16.23%e0
- Qualifier
- 90 DATe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the combination of P. fluorescens (2 ml) + neem oil (3%) was the most effective, having the lowest PDI (16.23% at 90 DAT)”
t0“TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) CAUSED BY ALTERNARIA SOLANI (ELLIS) MARTIN”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination improved plant height and branching.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- P. fluorescens (2 ml) + neem oil (3%)e0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plant height and branchinge0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of P. fluorescens (2 ml) + neem oil (3%) was the most effective, having the lowest PDI (16.23% at 90 DAT), improved plant height and branching”
t0“TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination gave the highest yield, 25.63 t ha-1.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- P. fluorescens (2 ml) + neem oil (3%)e0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 25.63 t ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of P. fluorescens (2 ml) + neem oil (3%) was the most effective, having the lowest PDI (16.23% at 90 DAT), improved plant height and branching, and the highest yield (25.63 t ha-1)”
t0“TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination gave the highest economic return.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- this treatmente0
- Outcome
- economic returne0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, this treatment provided the highest economic return.”
t0“TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.)”
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