Abstract
This study developed an innovative model integrating straw subsoil deep burial (SD) and mixing plow to mitigate albic soil’s physical and chemical constraints and enhance crop yield. A field experiment with four treatments, including conventional tillage (CT), straw mulching (SM), straw subsoil deep burial (SD), and straw burning (SR), was conducted to assess impacts on soil enzyme activity, nutrient dynamics, crop yield, and soil physical properties. Results showed that SD treatment significantly improved albic soil properties compared to conventional tillage: catalase activity in the albic horizon decreased by 13.51%, reducing peroxide toxicity. In the albic horizon, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, total phosphorus, available potassium, total potassium, and organic matter increased by 29.98%, 58.70%, 36.86%, 20.46%, 5.00%, 21.70%, and 40.46%, respectively. Correspondingly, maize and soybean yield under SD reached 8686.6 kg/ha and 2245.3 kg/ha, increasing by 15.39% and 19.94% compared to CT, respectively. Additionally, SD treatment improved physical properties of the albic horizon: soil hardness reduced by 43.56%, with enhanced water-holding capacity, permeability coefficient, porosity, and hydraulic conductivity. Its findings not only boost agronomic productivity by improving crop yields but also support environmental sustainability by enhancing soil fertility, which is of great significance for ensuring food security.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Straw subsoil deep burial decreased catalase activity in the albic horizon by 13.51% relative to conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- SDe0
- Outcome
- catalase activity in the albic horizone1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 13.51%e1
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SD treatment significantly improved albic soil properties compared to conventional tillage”
e1“catalase activity in the albic horizon decreased by 13.51%”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw subsoil deep burial increased alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in the albic horizon by 29.98% relative to conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- SDe0
- Outcome
- alkaline hydrolysis nitrogene2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 29.98%e2
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SD treatment significantly improved albic soil properties compared to conventional tillage”
e2“In the albic horizon, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, total phosphorus, available potassium, total potassium, and organic matter increased by 29.98%, 58.70%, 36.86%, 20.46%, 5.00%, 21.70%, and 40.46%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw subsoil deep burial increased total nitrogen in the albic horizon by 58.70% relative to conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- SDe0
- Outcome
- total nitrogene2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 58.70%e2
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SD treatment significantly improved albic soil properties compared to conventional tillage”
e2“In the albic horizon, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, total phosphorus, available potassium, total potassium, and organic matter increased by 29.98%, 58.70%, 36.86%, 20.46%, 5.00%, 21.70%, and 40.46%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw subsoil deep burial increased available phosphorus in the albic horizon by 36.86% relative to conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- SDe0
- Outcome
- available phosphoruse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 36.86%e2
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SD treatment significantly improved albic soil properties compared to conventional tillage”
e2“In the albic horizon, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, total phosphorus, available potassium, total potassium, and organic matter increased by 29.98%, 58.70%, 36.86%, 20.46%, 5.00%, 21.70%, and 40.46%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw subsoil deep burial increased total phosphorus in the albic horizon by 20.46% relative to conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- SDe0
- Outcome
- total phosphoruse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 20.46%e2
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SD treatment significantly improved albic soil properties compared to conventional tillage”
e2“In the albic horizon, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, total phosphorus, available potassium, total potassium, and organic matter increased by 29.98%, 58.70%, 36.86%, 20.46%, 5.00%, 21.70%, and 40.46%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw subsoil deep burial increased available potassium in the albic horizon by 5.00% relative to conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- SDe0
- Outcome
- available potassiume2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 5.00%e2
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SD treatment significantly improved albic soil properties compared to conventional tillage”
e2“In the albic horizon, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, total phosphorus, available potassium, total potassium, and organic matter increased by 29.98%, 58.70%, 36.86%, 20.46%, 5.00%, 21.70%, and 40.46%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw subsoil deep burial increased total potassium in the albic horizon by 21.70% relative to conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- SDe0
- Outcome
- total potassiume2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 21.70%e2
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SD treatment significantly improved albic soil properties compared to conventional tillage”
e2“In the albic horizon, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, total phosphorus, available potassium, total potassium, and organic matter increased by 29.98%, 58.70%, 36.86%, 20.46%, 5.00%, 21.70%, and 40.46%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw subsoil deep burial increased organic matter in the albic horizon by 40.46% relative to conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- SDe0
- Outcome
- organic mattere2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 40.46%e2
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SD treatment significantly improved albic soil properties compared to conventional tillage”
e2“In the albic horizon, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, total phosphorus, available potassium, total potassium, and organic matter increased by 29.98%, 58.70%, 36.86%, 20.46%, 5.00%, 21.70%, and 40.46%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw subsoil deep burial reduced soil hardness in the albic horizon by 43.56% relative to conventional tillage.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SD treatment significantly improved albic soil properties compared to conventional tillage”
e3“SD treatment improved physical properties of the albic horizon: soil hardness reduced by 43.56%, with enhanced water-holding capacity, permeability coefficient, porosity, and hydraulic conductivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw subsoil deep burial enhanced water-holding capacity, permeability coefficient and porosity of the albic horizon relative to conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- SDe3
- Outcome
- water-holding capacity, permeability coefficient, porositye3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SD treatment significantly improved albic soil properties compared to conventional tillage”
e3“SD treatment improved physical properties of the albic horizon: soil hardness reduced by 43.56%, with enhanced water-holding capacity, permeability coefficient, porosity, and hydraulic conductivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw subsoil deep burial enhanced hydraulic conductivity of the albic horizon relative to conventional tillage.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SD treatment significantly improved albic soil properties compared to conventional tillage”
e3“SD treatment improved physical properties of the albic horizon: soil hardness reduced by 43.56%, with enhanced water-holding capacity, permeability coefficient, porosity, and hydraulic conductivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw subsoil deep burial increased maize yield by 15.39% compared with conventional tillage, reaching 8686.6 kg/ha.
- Treatment
- SDe0
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- increasinge4
- Value
- 15.39%e4
- Qualifier
- reached 8686.6 kg/hae4
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SD treatment significantly improved albic soil properties compared to conventional tillage”
e4“maize and soybean yield under SD reached 8686.6 kg/ha and 2245.3 kg/ha, increasing by 15.39% and 19.94% compared to CT, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw subsoil deep burial increased soybean yield by 19.94% compared with conventional tillage, reaching 2245.3 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe4 - Treatment
- SDe0
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- increasinge4
- Value
- 19.94%e4
- Qualifier
- 2245.3 kg/hae4
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SD treatment significantly improved albic soil properties compared to conventional tillage”
e4“maize and soybean yield under SD reached 8686.6 kg/ha and 2245.3 kg/ha, increasing by 15.39% and 19.94% compared to CT, respectively”
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