Abstract
Spikelets play a crucial role in photosynthesis during seed formation. This study used two oat (Avena sativa) varieties with significantly different lemma colors, "Challenger" from Canada and "Qinghai444" from China, as experimental materials. Phenotypic, physiological, proteomic, and transcriptional analyses were conducted on oat glumes, lemmas, and paleas after nitrogen application during the grain-filling stage. Results indicated that glumes outperformed lemmas in photosynthetic efficiency. After nitrogen application, "Challenger" glumes exhibited increased stomatal area but decreased chlorophyll a content, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/fm), and the quantum yield of photosystem II in steady state (ΦPSII). Concurrently, chloroplast membrane structure was repaired, and the expression of CAO, PsbR, and genes encoding chlorophyll protein complexes (LHCs) was upregulated, enhancing net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and photosynthetic capacity. Conversely, "Qinghai444" glumes showed decreased stomatal area but increased chlorophyll a content, Fv/fm, ΦPSII, and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The chloroplast structure of glumes was improved, whereas that of the lemmas was damaged. The CP47 subunit of photosystem II (PSII) accumulated on the thylakoid lamella, and the expression of petA, PsbB, and PsbR genes was upregulated, with no change in Pn or photosynthetic capacity. This study revealed that photosynthetic responses to nitrogen varied among oat varieties and spikelet tissues, with "Challenger" showing more pronounced enhancements. The findings of this study elucidate the patterns of photosynthetic responses to nitrogen in oat spikelets, guiding nitrogen fertilizer use and supporting the breeding of high-yielding oat varieties.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Oat glumes had higher photosynthetic efficiency than lemmas.
- Taxon
- oat (Avena sativa)
Avena sativae1 - Organ / stage
- glumese0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic efficiencye0
- Direction
- outperformede0
- Comparator
- lemmase0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glumes outperformed lemmas in photosynthetic efficiency”
e1“oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased Challenger glume stomatal area.
- Taxon
- oat (Avena sativa)Avena sativae1
- Material
- "Challenger"e0
- Organ / stage
- glumese0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- stomatal areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After nitrogen application, "Challenger" glumes exhibited increased stomatal area but decreased chlorophyll a content, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/fm), and the quantum yield of photosystem II in steady state (ΦPSII)”
e1“oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen decreased Challenger glume chlorophyll a content.
- Taxon
- oat (Avena sativa)Avena sativae1
- Material
- "Challenger"e0
- Organ / stage
- glumese0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After nitrogen application, "Challenger" glumes exhibited increased stomatal area but decreased chlorophyll a content, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/fm), and the quantum yield of photosystem II in steady state (ΦPSII)”
e1“oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen decreased Challenger glume Fv/fm and ΦPSII.
- Taxon
- oat (Avena sativa)Avena sativae1
- Material
- "Challenger"e0
- Organ / stage
- glumese0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/fm), and the quantum yield of photosystem II in steady state (ΦPSII)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After nitrogen application, "Challenger" glumes exhibited increased stomatal area but decreased chlorophyll a content, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/fm), and the quantum yield of photosystem II in steady state (ΦPSII)”
e1“oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen repaired Challenger chloroplast membrane structure.
- Taxon
- oat (Avena sativa)Avena sativae3
- Material
- "Challenger"e1
- Organ / stage
- glumese1
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione2
- Outcome
- chloroplast membrane structuree0
- Direction
- repairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chloroplast membrane structure was repaired”
e1“"Challenger" glumes”
e2“after nitrogen application during the grain-filling stage”
e3“oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen upregulated CAO, PsbR, and LHC expression in Challenger.
- Taxon
- oat (Avena sativa)Avena sativae3
- Material
- "Challenger"e1
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione2
- Outcome
- expression of CAO, PsbR, and genes encoding chlorophyll protein complexes (LHCs)e0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of CAO, PsbR, and genes encoding chlorophyll protein complexes (LHCs) was upregulated”
e1“"Challenger" glumes”
e2“after nitrogen application during the grain-filling stage”
e3“oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Challenger net photosynthetic rate and capacity increased after nitrogen.
- Taxon
- oat (Avena sativa)Avena sativae3
- Material
- "Challenger"e1
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione2
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and photosynthetic capacitye0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhancing net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and photosynthetic capacity”
e1“"Challenger" glumes”
e2“after nitrogen application during the grain-filling stage”
e3“oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen decreased Qinghai444 glume stomatal area.
- Taxon
- oat (Avena sativa)Avena sativae2
- Material
- "Qinghai444"e0
- Organ / stage
- glumese0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione1
- Outcome
- stomatal areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“"Qinghai444" glumes showed decreased stomatal area but increased chlorophyll a content, Fv/fm, ΦPSII, and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ)”
e1“after nitrogen application during the grain-filling stage”
e2“oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased Qinghai444 glume chlorophyll a, Fv/fm, ΦPSII, and NPQ.
- Taxon
- oat (Avena sativa)Avena sativae2
- Material
- "Qinghai444"e0
- Organ / stage
- glumese0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a content, Fv/fm, ΦPSII, and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“"Qinghai444" glumes showed decreased stomatal area but increased chlorophyll a content, Fv/fm, ΦPSII, and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ)”
e1“after nitrogen application during the grain-filling stage”
e2“oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Qinghai444 glume chloroplast structure improved after nitrogen.
- Taxon
- oat (Avena sativa)Avena sativae3
- Material
- "Qinghai444"e1
- Organ / stage
- glumese0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione2
- Outcome
- chloroplast structure of glumese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chloroplast structure of glumes was improved, whereas that of the lemmas was damaged”
e1“"Qinghai444" glumes”
e2“after nitrogen application during the grain-filling stage”
e3“oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Qinghai444 lemma chloroplast structure was damaged after nitrogen.
- Taxon
- oat (Avena sativa)Avena sativae3
- Material
- "Qinghai444"e1
- Organ / stage
- lemmase0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione2
- Outcome
- chloroplast structuree0
- Direction
- damagede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chloroplast structure of glumes was improved, whereas that of the lemmas was damaged”
e1“"Qinghai444" glumes”
e2“after nitrogen application during the grain-filling stage”
e3“oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
CP47 accumulated on Qinghai444 thylakoid lamella after nitrogen.
- Taxon
- oat (Avena sativa)Avena sativae2
- Material
- "Qinghai444"e1
- Gene
- CP47e0
- Outcome
- accumulated on the thylakoid lamellae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CP47 subunit of photosystem II (PSII) accumulated on the thylakoid lamella”
e1“"Qinghai444" glumes”
e2“oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Qinghai444 petA, PsbB, and PsbR expression was upregulated.
- Taxon
- oat (Avena sativa)Avena sativae2
- Material
- "Qinghai444"e1
- Outcome
- expression of petA, PsbB, and PsbR genese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of petA, PsbB, and PsbR genes was upregulated”
e1“"Qinghai444" glumes”
e2“oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Qinghai444 net photosynthetic rate and capacity did not change.
- Taxon
- oat (Avena sativa)Avena sativae3
- Material
- "Qinghai444"e1
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione2
- Outcome
- Pn or photosynthetic capacitye0
- Direction
- no changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no change in Pn or photosynthetic capacity”
e1“"Qinghai444" glumes”
e2“after nitrogen application during the grain-filling stage”
e3“oat (Avena sativa)”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · physiology: photosynthesis · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
nitrogen · physiology: pigments · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.