Abstract
Introduction The rhizosphere microbiota is associated with the plant response to phytophagous pest infestation through the plant-rhizosphere microbe axis. However, the responses of microbial community characteristics of flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil to potato tuber moth (PTM) Phthorimaea operculella larval feeding is unclear. Methods In this study, the microbial structural composition was analysed in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of healthy and PTM infested flue-cured tobacco plants at the vigorous growth stage collected from the field (with four replicates per group) using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The featured microbes, co-occurrence networks, and potential functions of tobacco rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil microbial communities were analysed. Results Amplicon data analyses showed that PTM infestation altered the microbial community composition in tobacco rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere and this alteration was similar between these two soil types. PTM infested plants showed enrichment of distinct microbial genera. For instance, the rhizosphere soil showed increased abundances of Gemmatimonas (bacteria) and Humicola (fungi), while the non-rhizosphere soil was enriched with Streptomyces (bacteria) and Penicillium (fungi). In contrast, the rhizosphere of healthy plants were characterized by enrichment of Gaiella (bacteria) and Trichoderma , Talaromyces (fungi), along with the non-rhizosphere soil dominated by Sphingomonas (bacteria) and Cordana (fungi). Furthermore, PTM infestation altered the potential functions of flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, and reduced the complexity of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities, as well as the non-rhizosphere fungal community. Notable changes were observed in bacterial metabolic pathways and significantly up-regulated the function of symbiotroph of fungi (Lichenized) ( P < 0.05). Discussion Together, these results enhance our understanding of how the underground microbiome of flue-cured tobacco responds to aboveground phytophagous insect (PTM) infestation, providing valuable insights that could facilitate translation into more effective PTM management practices.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
PTM infestation altered tobacco rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere microbial community composition similarly.
Verbatim
e0“PTM infestation altered the microbial community composition in tobacco rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere and this alteration was similar between these two soil types.”
t0“flue-cured tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
PTM-infested tobacco rhizosphere soil had increased Gemmatimonas abundance.
- Taxon
- flue-cured tobaccot0
- Treatment
- PTM infestatione1
- Interactor
- Gemmatimonas
Gemmatimonase0symbiont - Outcome
- Gemmatimonase0
- Direction
- increased abundancese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For instance, the rhizosphere soil showed increased abundances of Gemmatimonas (bacteria) and Humicola (fungi), while the non-rhizosphere soil was enriched with Streptomyces (bacteria) and Penicillium (fungi).”
t0“flue-cured tobacco”
e1“PTM infestation altered the microbial community composition in tobacco rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere and this alteration was similar between these two soil types.”
Claim · model-written summary
PTM-infested tobacco rhizosphere soil had increased Humicola abundance.
Verbatim
e0“For instance, the rhizosphere soil showed increased abundances of Gemmatimonas (bacteria) and Humicola (fungi), while the non-rhizosphere soil was enriched with Streptomyces (bacteria) and Penicillium (fungi).”
t0“flue-cured tobacco”
e1“PTM infestation altered the microbial community composition in tobacco rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere and this alteration was similar between these two soil types.”
Claim · model-written summary
PTM-infested tobacco non-rhizosphere soil had increased Streptomyces abundance.
- Taxon
- flue-cured tobaccot0
- Treatment
- PTM infestatione1
- Interactor
- Streptomyces
Streptomycese0symbiont - Outcome
- Streptomycese0
- Direction
- enrichede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For instance, the rhizosphere soil showed increased abundances of Gemmatimonas (bacteria) and Humicola (fungi), while the non-rhizosphere soil was enriched with Streptomyces (bacteria) and Penicillium (fungi).”
t0“flue-cured tobacco”
e1“PTM infestation altered the microbial community composition in tobacco rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere and this alteration was similar between these two soil types.”
Claim · model-written summary
PTM-infested tobacco non-rhizosphere soil had increased Penicillium abundance.
- Taxon
- flue-cured tobaccot0
- Treatment
- PTM infestatione1
- Interactor
- Penicillium
Penicilliume0symbiont - Outcome
- Penicilliume0
- Direction
- enrichede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For instance, the rhizosphere soil showed increased abundances of Gemmatimonas (bacteria) and Humicola (fungi), while the non-rhizosphere soil was enriched with Streptomyces (bacteria) and Penicillium (fungi).”
t0“flue-cured tobacco”
e1“PTM infestation altered the microbial community composition in tobacco rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere and this alteration was similar between these two soil types.”
Claim · model-written summary
Healthy tobacco soil was enriched with Gaiella.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, the rhizosphere of healthy plants were characterized by enrichment of Gaiella (bacteria) and Trichoderma , Talaromyces (fungi), along with the non-rhizosphere soil dominated by Sphingomonas (bacteria) and Cordana (fungi).”
t0“flue-cured tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Healthy tobacco soil was enriched with Trichoderma.
- Taxon
- flue-cured tobaccot0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae0symbiont - Outcome
- Trichodermae0
- Direction
- enrichmente0
- Comparator
- healthy plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, the rhizosphere of healthy plants were characterized by enrichment of Gaiella (bacteria) and Trichoderma , Talaromyces (fungi), along with the non-rhizosphere soil dominated by Sphingomonas (bacteria) and Cordana (fungi).”
t0“flue-cured tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Healthy tobacco soil was enriched with Talaromyces.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, the rhizosphere of healthy plants were characterized by enrichment of Gaiella (bacteria) and Trichoderma , Talaromyces (fungi), along with the non-rhizosphere soil dominated by Sphingomonas (bacteria) and Cordana (fungi).”
t0“flue-cured tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Healthy tobacco soil was enriched with Sphingomonas.
- Taxon
- flue-cured tobaccot0
- Interactor
- Sphingomonas
Sphingomonase0symbiont - Outcome
- Sphingomonase0
- Direction
- dominatede0
- Comparator
- healthy plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, the rhizosphere of healthy plants were characterized by enrichment of Gaiella (bacteria) and Trichoderma , Talaromyces (fungi), along with the non-rhizosphere soil dominated by Sphingomonas (bacteria) and Cordana (fungi).”
t0“flue-cured tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Healthy tobacco soil was enriched with Cordana.
CordanaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, the rhizosphere of healthy plants were characterized by enrichment of Gaiella (bacteria) and Trichoderma , Talaromyces (fungi), along with the non-rhizosphere soil dominated by Sphingomonas (bacteria) and Cordana (fungi).”
t0“flue-cured tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
PTM infestation altered tobacco soil potential functions.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, PTM infestation altered the potential functions of flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, and reduced the complexity of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities, as well as the non-rhizosphere fungal community.”
t0“flue-cured tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
PTM infestation reduced tobacco soil complexity of rhizosphere bacterial.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, PTM infestation altered the potential functions of flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, and reduced the complexity of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities, as well as the non-rhizosphere fungal community.”
t0“flue-cured tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
PTM infestation reduced tobacco soil fungal communities.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, PTM infestation altered the potential functions of flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, and reduced the complexity of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities, as well as the non-rhizosphere fungal community.”
t0“flue-cured tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
PTM infestation reduced tobacco soil non-rhizosphere fungal community.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, PTM infestation altered the potential functions of flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, and reduced the complexity of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities, as well as the non-rhizosphere fungal community.”
t0“flue-cured tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial metabolic pathways changed with PTM infestation.
Verbatim
e0“Notable changes were observed in bacterial metabolic pathways and significantly up-regulated the function of symbiotroph of fungi (Lichenized) ( P < 0.05).”
t0“flue-cured tobacco”
e1“PTM infestation altered the microbial community composition in tobacco rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere and this alteration was similar between these two soil types.”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungal symbiotroph function was significantly up-regulated.
Verbatim
e0“Notable changes were observed in bacterial metabolic pathways and significantly up-regulated the function of symbiotroph of fungi (Lichenized) ( P < 0.05).”
t0“flue-cured tobacco”
e1“PTM infestation altered the microbial community composition in tobacco rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere and this alteration was similar between these two soil types.”