Abstract
Root-knot (Meloidogyne spp.) and false root-knot (Nacobbus aberrans) nematodes limit greenhouse tomato productivity. The effectiveness of integrating pre-plant biofumigation with post-plant chemical, biological, and botanical inputs was assessed under commercial conditions. A split-plot trial (2019) contrasted biofumigated and non-biofumigated whole plots (50 t ha−1 of sorghum residues plus poultry and sheep manures) and 13 subplot treatments (fluopyram, Purpureocillium lilacinum, Pochonia chlamydosporia, Trichoderma viride, Tagetes erecta, and plant oil formulations). Nematodes were sampled 0, 60, and 120 days after transplanting, and the area under the nematode population curve (AUNPC), area under the root-damage curve (AURDC), and yield were analyzed. Biofumigation reduced pre-transplant N. aberrans populations by 86% and lowered the AUNPC by 39% relative to the non-biofumigated treatment; the whole-plot yields did not differ. Meloidogyne incognita remained at a very low density throughout. Among the subplot treatments, fluopyram decreased the AURDC by ≈22% and more than doubled the yield (63 vs. 26 t ha−1; +142%), while the AUNPC of N. aberrans was unchanged. Biological and botanical packages reduced damage indices in some cases but did not increase the yield. No whole-plot × subplot interaction was detected for the yield. The results indicate that sorghum-based biofumigation, complemented by a low-risk nematicide at transplanting, can be embedded in integrated nematode-management programs for greenhouse tomato.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Biofumigation reduced pre-transplant N. aberrans populations by 86% compared with non-biofumigated plots
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Biofumigatione1
- Interactor
- N. aberrans
Nacobbus aberranse1pest - Outcome
- pre-transplant N. aberrans populationse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 86%e1
- Comparator
- non-biofumigated treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Biofumigation reduced pre-transplant N. aberrans populations by 86% and lowered the AUNPC by 39% relative to the non-biofumigated treatment”
t0“in Greenhouse Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofumigation lowered the AUNPC of N. aberrans by 39% compared with non-biofumigated plots
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Biofumigatione1
- Interactor
- N. aberransNacobbus aberranse1pest
- Outcome
- AUNPCe1
- Direction
- lowerede1
- Value
- 39%e1
- Comparator
- non-biofumigated treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Biofumigation reduced pre-transplant N. aberrans populations by 86% and lowered the AUNPC by 39% relative to the non-biofumigated treatment”
t0“in Greenhouse Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-plot yields in biofumigated plots did not differ from non-biofumigated plots
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Biofumigatione1
- Outcome
- whole-plot yieldse1
- Direction
- did not differe1
- Comparator
- non-biofumigated treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Biofumigation reduced pre-transplant N. aberrans populations by 86% and lowered the AUNPC by 39% relative to the non-biofumigated treatment; the whole-plot yields did not differ”
t0“in Greenhouse Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Meloidogyne incognita remained at a very low density throughout the trial
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae2pest - Outcome
- densitye2
- Qualifier
- very lowe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e2“Meloidogyne incognita remained at a very low density throughout”
t0“in Greenhouse Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluopyram decreased the AURDC by about 22%
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“fluopyram decreased the AURDC by ≈22%”
t0“in Greenhouse Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluopyram more than doubled tomato yield (63 vs. 26 t ha−1; +142%)
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- fluopyrame3
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- more than doublede4
- Value
- 63 vs. 26 t ha−1e4
- Qualifier
- +142%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“fluopyram decreased the AURDC by ≈22%”
e4“more than doubled the yield (63 vs. 26 t ha−1; +142%)”
t0“in Greenhouse Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
No whole-plot by subplot interaction was detected for yield
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- whole-plot × subplot interactione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“No whole-plot × subplot interaction was detected for the yield”
t0“in Greenhouse Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluopyram left the AUNPC of N. aberrans unchanged
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- fluopyrame3
- Interactor
- N. aberransNacobbus aberranse6pest
- Outcome
- AUNPC of N. aberranse6
- Direction
- unchangede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“fluopyram decreased the AURDC by ≈22%”
e6“while the AUNPC of N. aberrans was unchanged”
t0“in Greenhouse Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological and botanical packages reduced damage indices in some cases
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Biological and botanical packagese7
- Outcome
- damage indicese7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Qualifier
- in some casese7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Biological and botanical packages reduced damage indices in some cases but did not increase the yield”
t0“in Greenhouse Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological and botanical packages did not increase tomato yield
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Biological and botanical packagese7
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Direction
- did not increasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Biological and botanical packages reduced damage indices in some cases but did not increase the yield”
t0“in Greenhouse Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum-based biofumigation with a low-risk nematicide can be embedded in integrated nematode-management programmes for greenhouse tomato
Verbatim
e1“The results indicate that sorghum-based biofumigation, complemented by a low-risk nematicide at transplanting, can be embedded in integrated nematode-management programs for greenhouse tomato”
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