Abstract
Drought is a significant environmental stressor affecting a broad range of ornamental plants. Selecting and developing drought-resistant ornamental plants is a key strategy to solve this problem. This study comprehensively evaluated the drought resistance of 25 Hemerocallis fulva genotypes, which were collected from natural populations along the Taihang Mountain range in Shanxi Province, China. Five growth indices and eight physiological parameters were measured both prior to and following drought stress exposure in plants. These parameters included total chlorophyll (Chl) content, Chl a and Chl b contents, the Chl a/b ratio, carotenoid content, leaf relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The results indicated that drought stress led to a reduction in plant height, canopy width, as well as leaf length, width, and area. Interestingly, under drought conditions, the contents of total Chl, Chl a, Chl b, and carotenoids, along with the Chl a/b ratio, generally increased, though the extent of these changes varied across different genotypes. On the other hand, the drought treatment resulted in elevated electrolyte leakage and MDA content, while RWC showed a marked decrease. To better understand the underlying physiological responses, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to condense the thirteen individual growth and physiological parameters into three principal components: (1) a plant growth index, (2) a photosynthetic pigments index, and (3) a comprehensive water status and cell membrane damage index. Based on the comprehensive evaluation scores, cluster analysis, and heatmap analysis, the 25 Hemerocallis fulva wild genotypes were categorized into three groups: high drought-resistance, moderate drought-resistance and low drought-resistance. Genotypes Taiyuan No.1, Taiyuan No.2, Qinshui No.1, Taigu No.1, Jiaocheng No.1 and Datong No.1 were classified as exhibiting high drought resistance. No significant correlation was observed between drought resistance and either chromosome ploidy or the number of flower petals in wild Hemerocallis fulva. Drought resistance showed a positive correlation with the Chl a/b ratio and a negative correlation with leaf electrolyte leakage. This study not only provides valuable genetic resources for landscape architecture in arid regions. Moreover, it establishes a comprehensive and reliable methodology for evaluating drought resistance across different Hemerocallis fulva genotypes.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced plant height, canopy width and leaf length.
- Taxon
- Hemerocallis fulva
Hemerocallis fulvat0 - Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- plant height, canopy width, as well as leaf lengthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought stress led to a reduction in plant height, canopy width, as well as leaf length, width, and area”
t0“Hemerocallis fulva”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced leaf width and area.
- Taxon
- Hemerocallis fulvaHemerocallis fulvat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- leaf length, width, and areae0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought stress led to a reduction in plant height, canopy width, as well as leaf length, width, and area”
t0“Hemerocallis fulva”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, total chlorophyll, Chl a and Chl b contents generally increased.
- Taxon
- Hemerocallis fulvaHemerocallis fulvat0
- Treatment
- drought conditionse0
- Outcome
- contents of total Chl, Chl a, Chl be0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- generallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under drought conditions, the contents of total Chl, Chl a, Chl b, and carotenoids, along with the Chl a/b ratio, generally increased”
t0“Hemerocallis fulva”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, carotenoid content and Chl a/b ratio generally increased, with genotype variation.
- Taxon
- Hemerocallis fulvaHemerocallis fulvat0
- Treatment
- drought conditionse0
- Outcome
- carotenoids, along with the Chl a/b ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- varied across different genotypese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under drought conditions, the contents of total Chl, Chl a, Chl b, and carotenoids, along with the Chl a/b ratio, generally increased, though the extent of these changes varied across different genotypes”
t0“Hemerocallis fulva”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought elevated electrolyte leakage and MDA content.
- Taxon
- Hemerocallis fulvaHemerocallis fulvat0
- Treatment
- drought treatmente0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage and MDA contente0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the drought treatment resulted in elevated electrolyte leakage and MDA content”
t0“Hemerocallis fulva”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought markedly decreased relative water content.
- Taxon
- Hemerocallis fulvaHemerocallis fulvat0
- Treatment
- drought treatmente0
- Outcome
- RWCe0
- Direction
- marked decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the drought treatment resulted in elevated electrolyte leakage and MDA content, while RWC showed a marked decrease”
t0“Hemerocallis fulva”
Claim · model-written summary
PCA reduced thirteen growth and physiology parameters to three principal components.
- Taxon
- Hemerocallis fulvaHemerocallis fulvat0
- Outcome
- three principal componentse0
- Value
- three principal componentse0
- Qualifier
- plant growth indexe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to condense the thirteen individual growth and physiological parameters into three principal components: (1) a plant growth index, (2) a photosynthetic pigments index, and (3) a comprehensive water status and cell membrane damage index”
t0“Hemerocallis fulva”
Claim · model-written summary
The 25 wild genotypes were classified into high, moderate and low drought resistance groups.
- Taxon
- Hemerocallis fulvaHemerocallis fulvae0
- Material
- wild genotypese0
- Outcome
- high drought-resistance, moderate drought-resistance and low drought-resistancee0
- Value
- three groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 25 Hemerocallis fulva wild genotypes were categorized into three groups: high drought-resistance, moderate drought-resistance and low drought-resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Taiyuan No.1, Taiyuan No.2 and Qinshui No.1 showed high drought resistance.
- Taxon
- Hemerocallis fulvaHemerocallis fulvat0
- Material
- Taiyuan No.1, Taiyuan No.2, Qinshui No.1e0
- Outcome
- high drought resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotypes Taiyuan No.1, Taiyuan No.2, Qinshui No.1, Taigu No.1, Jiaocheng No.1 and Datong No.1 were classified as exhibiting high drought resistance.”
t0“Hemerocallis fulva”
Claim · model-written summary
Taigu No.1, Jiaocheng No.1 and Datong No.1 showed high drought resistance.
- Taxon
- Hemerocallis fulvaHemerocallis fulvat0
- Material
- Taigu No.1, Jiaocheng No.1 and Datong No.1e0
- Outcome
- high drought resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotypes Taiyuan No.1, Taiyuan No.2, Qinshui No.1, Taigu No.1, Jiaocheng No.1 and Datong No.1 were classified as exhibiting high drought resistance.”
t0“Hemerocallis fulva”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought resistance was not significantly correlated with chromosome ploidy.
- Taxon
- Hemerocallis fulvaHemerocallis fulvae0
- Organ / stage
- chromosome ploidye0
- Outcome
- drought resistancee0
- Qualifier
- No significant correlatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant correlation was observed between drought resistance and either chromosome ploidy or the number of flower petals in wild Hemerocallis fulva.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought resistance was not significantly correlated with number of flower petals.
- Taxon
- Hemerocallis fulvaHemerocallis fulvae0
- Organ / stage
- flower petalse0
- Outcome
- drought resistancee0
- Qualifier
- No significant correlatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant correlation was observed between drought resistance and either chromosome ploidy or the number of flower petals in wild Hemerocallis fulva.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought resistance was positively correlated with Chl a/b ratio.
- Taxon
- Hemerocallis fulvaHemerocallis fulvat0
- Compound
- Chl a/b ratioe0
- Outcome
- Drought resistancee0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought resistance showed a positive correlation with the Chl a/b ratio and a negative correlation with leaf electrolyte leakage.”
t0“Hemerocallis fulva”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought resistance was negatively correlated with leaf electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- Hemerocallis fulvaHemerocallis fulvat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- Drought resistancee0
- Direction
- negative correlatione0
- Qualifier
- leaf electrolyte leakagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought resistance showed a positive correlation with the Chl a/b ratio and a negative correlation with leaf electrolyte leakage.”
t0“Hemerocallis fulva”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors provide a method for evaluating drought resistance across genotypes.
- Taxon
- Hemerocallis fulvaHemerocallis fulvae0
- Outcome
- methodology for evaluating drought resistancee0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it establishes a comprehensive and reliable methodology for evaluating drought resistance across different Hemerocallis fulva genotypes.”