Abstract
Healthy soils are essential for resilient crop production and supporting our ecosystem. Organic farming is a system that can sustain the health of soil, the surrounding ecosystem and people. Agronomic techniques like the introduction of legumes in organic fields have the capacity to maintain soil fertility besides fixing more nitrogen in the soil. With this context, the present investigation was undertaken in long-term experimental plots on Vertisol to analyse the soil health interms of its physical, chemical and biological properties. The field experiment was carried out at Dharwad, Karnataka in strip block design with six farming approaches as vertical factor and five intercropping systems as horizontal factor summing up to 30 treatments. The results revealed that soil physical parameters like bulk density and water holding capacity did not show much significant difference between the treatments. However, organic treatments recorded lower bulk density and higher water holding capacity than inorganic and integrated treatments. Soil chemical and biological properties responded notably to the different farming methods employed. Significantly higher soil organic carbon (5.93 and 5.84 g kg-1) were noted under 100 per cent organic practice under pigeonpea either intercropped with groundnut or greengram compared to treatment under 100% inorganic practice. Higher dehydrogenase activity (37.77 TPF formed g-1day-1) available nutrients like nitrogen (256 kg ha-1), phosphorus (37 kg ha-1)and sulphur (23.30 kg ha-1) was seen under 100% organic treatments compared to 100% inorganic treatments which recorded following results of dehydrogenase activity (29.91 TPF formed g-1day-1) nitrogen (230 kg ha-1), phosphorus (27 kg ha-1) and potassium (354 kg ha-1). Among intercropping systems pigeonpea with either groundnut and greengram noted better results than intercropping with soybean.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Bulk density and water holding capacity showed little significant difference across treatments.
- Taxon
- Pigeonpea
Cajanus cajant0 - Outcome
- bulk density and water holding capacitye0
- Direction
- did not show much significant differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil physical parameters like bulk density and water holding capacity did not show much significant difference between the treatments”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic treatments had lower soil bulk density than inorganic and integrated treatments.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- organic treatmentse0
- Outcome
- bulk densitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- inorganic and integrated treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic treatments recorded lower bulk density and higher water holding capacity than inorganic and integrated treatments”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic treatments had higher soil water holding capacity than inorganic and integrated treatments.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- organic treatmentse0
- Outcome
- water holding capacitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- inorganic and integrated treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic treatments recorded lower bulk density and higher water holding capacity than inorganic and integrated treatments”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic pigeonpea with groundnut had soil organic carbon of 5.93 g kg-1, higher than inorganic practice.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- intercropped with groundnute0
- Outcome
- soil organic carbone0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5.93e0
- Comparator
- 100% inorganic practicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher soil organic carbon (5.93 and 5.84 g kg-1) were noted under 100 per cent organic practice under pigeonpea either intercropped with groundnut or greengram compared to treatment under 100% inorganic practice”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic pigeonpea with greengram had soil organic carbon of 5.84 g kg-1, higher than inorganic practice.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- greengrame0
- Outcome
- soil organic carbone0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5.84 g kg-1e0
- Comparator
- 100% inorganic practicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher soil organic carbon (5.93 and 5.84 g kg-1) were noted under 100 per cent organic practice under pigeonpea either intercropped with groundnut or greengram compared to treatment under 100% inorganic practice”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic treatments had dehydrogenase activity of 37.77 TPF formed g-1day-1, higher than the inorganic value.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- 100% organic treatmentse0
- Outcome
- dehydrogenase activitye0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Value
- 37.77 TPF formed g-1day-1e0
- Comparator
- 100% inorganic treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher dehydrogenase activity (37.77 TPF formed g-1day-1) available nutrients like nitrogen (256 kg ha-1), phosphorus (37 kg ha-1)and sulphur (23.30 kg ha-1) was seen under 100% organic treatments compared to 100% inorganic treatments”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic treatments had available nitrogen of 256 kg ha-1, higher than inorganic treatments.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- 100% organic treatmentse0
- Outcome
- nitrogene0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Value
- 256 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- 100% inorganic treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher dehydrogenase activity (37.77 TPF formed g-1day-1) available nutrients like nitrogen (256 kg ha-1), phosphorus (37 kg ha-1)and sulphur (23.30 kg ha-1) was seen under 100% organic treatments compared to 100% inorganic treatments”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic treatments had available phosphorus of 37 kg ha-1, higher than inorganic treatments.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- 100% organic treatmentse0
- Outcome
- phosphoruse0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Value
- 37 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- 100% inorganic treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher dehydrogenase activity (37.77 TPF formed g-1day-1) available nutrients like nitrogen (256 kg ha-1), phosphorus (37 kg ha-1)and sulphur (23.30 kg ha-1) was seen under 100% organic treatments compared to 100% inorganic treatments”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic treatments had available sulphur of 23.30 kg ha-1, higher than inorganic treatments.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- 100% organic treatmentse0
- Outcome
- sulphure0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Value
- 23.30 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- 100% inorganic treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher dehydrogenase activity (37.77 TPF formed g-1day-1) available nutrients like nitrogen (256 kg ha-1), phosphorus (37 kg ha-1)and sulphur (23.30 kg ha-1) was seen under 100% organic treatments compared to 100% inorganic treatments”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Pigeonpea with groundnut performed better than pigeonpea with soybean.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- groundnute0
- Outcome
- better resultse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- soybeane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among intercropping systems pigeonpea with either groundnut and greengram noted better results than intercropping with soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pigeonpea with greengram performed better than pigeonpea with soybean.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- greengrame0
- Outcome
- better resultse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- soybeane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among intercropping systems pigeonpea with either groundnut and greengram noted better results than intercropping with soybean”
The same questions in other papers
intercropping · soil: chemistry · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.