Abstract
This study evaluates the impact of various liquid biofertilizer seed treatments, including single and combined applications of Azospirillum, KSB (Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria), PSB (Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria), Pseudomonas, and Thiram on wheat growth parameters and phenological stages. Field emergence, plant establishment, chlorophyll content, leaf area index (LAI), spike emergence, heading, plant height, and crop maturity days were assessed. Results reveal significant improvements in emergence, growth, and accelerated phenology with biofertilizer treatments, especially combinations of Azospirillum with KSB and PSB, compared to the control and Thiram-treated seeds. Combined biofertilizer application yielded the highest emergence (93.33%), leaf area (5.16), and shortest crop maturity duration (118.83 days). These findings indicate that strategic biofertilizer co-inoculations promote early establishment, robust growth, and enable faster crop maturity in wheat.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer treatments significantly improved emergence and growth and accelerated phenology versus control and Thiram-treated seeds.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- biofertilizer treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum
Azospirillume0symbiont - Second interactor
- KSBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- emergence, growth, and accelerated phenologye0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Comparator
- the control and Thiram-treated seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results reveal significant improvements in emergence, growth, and accelerated phenology with biofertilizer treatments, especially combinations of Azospirillum with KSB and PSB, compared to the control and Thiram-treated seeds.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined biofertilizer application produced 93.33% emergence, the highest reported.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combined biofertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 93.33%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined biofertilizer application yielded the highest emergence (93.33%), leaf area (5.16), and shortest crop maturity duration (118.83 days).”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined biofertilizer application produced the highest leaf area, 5.16.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combined biofertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.16e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined biofertilizer application yielded the highest emergence (93.33%), leaf area (5.16), and shortest crop maturity duration (118.83 days).”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined biofertilizer application gave the shortest crop maturity duration, 118.83 days.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combined biofertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- crop maturity duratione0
- Direction
- shorteste0
- Value
- 118.83 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined biofertilizer application yielded the highest emergence (93.33%), leaf area (5.16), and shortest crop maturity duration (118.83 days).”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
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