Abstract
• YBG8 fermentation filtrate exhibits antagonistic activity against Fusarium solani . • AME, altenusin, and altenuene are the primary antifungal components of YBG8. • YBG8 fermentation filtrate had good control effect on Lycium barbarum root rot. Root rot caused by Fusarium solani is a severe soil-borne disease affecting Lycium barbarum (goji berry), which has long been managed through chemical control. However, prolonged reliance on chemical agents can lead to pathogen resistance and environmental risks. Initially isolated from healthy L. barbarum , the strain YBG8 exhibited antagonistic properties against F. solani and was identified as Alternaria alternata . However, the precise antifungal mechanism of YBG8 remained unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the antifungal mechanism and biocontrol effect of the fermentation filtrate of the antagonistic strain YBG8. The findings indicated that the YBG8 fermentation filtrate treatment significantly impeded the radial growth of F. solani , altered its spore surface morphology, and triggered an upsurge in alkaline phosphatase activity. Additionally, YBG8 fermentation filtrate treatment also resulted in heightened levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), increased electrical conductivity, and notable leakage of intracellular proteins and nucleic acids. Assessment with propidium iodide staining validated the disruption of cell membrane integrity. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of the YBG8 fermentation filtrate unveiled 252 metabolites, encompassing coumarins, carboxylic acid derivatives, purine nucleosides, and others, with 15 constituents exhibiting concentrations exceeding 10 μg/mL. Subsequent analysis identified alternariol methyl ether as the predominant polyketide compound, with a concentration of 130.086 μg/mL. Additionally, altenusin, a diphenyl ether derivative, and altenuene, a cell wall synthesis inhibitor, were also detected at concentrations of 26.664 μg/mL and 18.291 μg/mL, respectively. These findings collectively suggest that the YBG8 fermentation filtrate inhibits the growth of F. solani through multiple pathways, such as cell wall disruption, oxidative stress induction, and membrane function interference. Alternariol methyl ether, altenusin, and altenuene are presumed to be the primary antimicrobial agents in the fermentation filtrate. This investigation illustrates that the YBG8 fermentation filtrate exerts potent antimicrobial effects through a dual-targeting strategy that disrupts both cell wall and membrane systems. These findings establish a theoretical framework and material basis for the development of environmentally friendly biopesticides.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
YBG8 fermentation filtrate had a good control effect on root rot of Lycium barbarum caused by Fusarium solani.
- Taxon
- Lycium barbarum
Lycium barbarume0 - Treatment
- YBG8 fermentation filtratee0
- Interactor
- Fusarium solani
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solanie1pathogen - Second interactor
- YBG8e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root rote0
- Direction
- good control effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“YBG8 fermentation filtrate had good control effect on Lycium barbarum root rot”
e1“Root rot caused by Fusarium solani”
Claim · model-written summary
YBG8 fermentation filtrate treatment significantly impeded the radial growth of F. solani.
- Taxon
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0
- Treatment
- YBG8 fermentation filtrate treatmente0
- Outcome
- radial growthe0
- Direction
- impedede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“YBG8 fermentation filtrate treatment significantly impeded the radial growth of F. solani”
Claim · model-written summary
YBG8 fermentation filtrate treatment altered the spore surface morphology of F. solani.
- Taxon
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0
- Treatment
- YBG8 fermentation filtrate treatmente0
- Outcome
- spore surface morphologye0
- Direction
- alterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“YBG8 fermentation filtrate treatment significantly impeded the radial growth of F. solani , altered its spore surface morphology, and triggered an upsurge in alkaline phosphatase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
YBG8 fermentation filtrate treatment triggered an upsurge in alkaline phosphatase activity in F. solani.
- Taxon
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0
- Treatment
- YBG8 fermentation filtrate treatmente0
- Outcome
- alkaline phosphatase activitye0
- Direction
- upsurgee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“YBG8 fermentation filtrate treatment significantly impeded the radial growth of F. solani , altered its spore surface morphology, and triggered an upsurge in alkaline phosphatase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
YBG8 fermentation filtrate treatment resulted in heightened levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), with the target organism unstated in the sentence (context: F. solani).
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“YBG8 fermentation filtrate treatment also resulted in heightened levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), increased electrical conductivity, and notable leakage of intracellular proteins and nucleic acids”
Claim · model-written summary
YBG8 fermentation filtrate treatment resulted in increased electrical conductivity.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“YBG8 fermentation filtrate treatment also resulted in heightened levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), increased electrical conductivity, and notable leakage of intracellular proteins and nucleic acids”
Claim · model-written summary
YBG8 fermentation filtrate treatment resulted in notable leakage of intracellular proteins and nucleic acids.
- Treatment
- YBG8 fermentation filtrate treatmente0
- Outcome
- leakage of intracellular proteins and nucleic acidse0
- Direction
- notable leakagee0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“YBG8 fermentation filtrate treatment also resulted in heightened levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), increased electrical conductivity, and notable leakage of intracellular proteins and nucleic acids”
Claim · model-written summary
Propidium iodide staining validated the disruption of cell membrane integrity.
- Outcome
- disruption of cell membrane integritye0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Assessment with propidium iodide staining validated the disruption of cell membrane integrity”
Claim · model-written summary
LC-MS analysis of the Alternaria alternata YBG8 fermentation filtrate revealed 252 metabolites, including coumarins, carboxylic acid derivatives and purine nucleosides.
- Taxon
- Alternaria alternata
.jpg?width=60)
Alternaria alternatat0 - Outcome
- metabolitese0
- Value
- 252e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Alternaria alternata”
e0“unveiled 252 metabolites, encompassing coumarins, carboxylic acid derivatives, purine nucleosides, and others”
Claim · model-written summary
Fifteen constituents of the filtrate exhibited concentrations exceeding 10 ug/mL.
- Taxon
- Alternaria alternataAlternaria alternatat0
- Outcome
- constituents exhibiting concentrations exceeding 10 μg/mLe0
- Value
- 15e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alternaria alternata”
e0“with 15 constituents exhibiting concentrations exceeding 10 μg/mL”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternariol methyl ether was the predominant polyketide compound in the filtrate, at 130.086 ug/mL.
- Taxon
- Alternaria alternataAlternaria alternatat0
- Outcome
- predominant polyketide compounde0
- Value
- 130.086 μg/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alternaria alternata”
e0“alternariol methyl ether as the predominant polyketide compound, with a concentration of 130.086 μg/mL”
Claim · model-written summary
Altenusin, a diphenyl ether derivative, was detected in the filtrate at 26.664 ug/mL.
- Taxon
- Alternaria alternataAlternaria alternatat0
- Outcome
- altenusine0
- Value
- 26.664 μg/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alternaria alternata”
e0“altenusin, a diphenyl ether derivative, and altenuene, a cell wall synthesis inhibitor, were also detected at concentrations of 26.664 μg/mL and 18.291 μg/mL, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Altenuene, a cell wall synthesis inhibitor, was detected in the filtrate at 18.291 ug/mL.
- Taxon
- Alternaria alternataAlternaria alternatat0
- Outcome
- altenuenee0
- Value
- 18.291 μg/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alternaria alternata”
e0“altenusin, a diphenyl ether derivative, and altenuene, a cell wall synthesis inhibitor, were also detected at concentrations of 26.664 μg/mL and 18.291 μg/mL, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The YBG8 fermentation filtrate is suggested to inhibit the growth of F. solani through multiple pathways such as cell wall disruption, oxidative stress induction and membrane function interference.
- Taxon
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0
- Treatment
- YBG8 fermentation filtratee0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Qualifier
- cell wall disruption, oxidative stress induction, and membrane function interferencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“YBG8 fermentation filtrate inhibits the growth of F. solani through multiple pathways, such as cell wall disruption, oxidative stress induction, and membrane function interference”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternariol methyl ether, altenusin and altenuene are presumed to be the primary antimicrobial agents in the fermentation filtrate.
- Taxon
- Alternaria alternataAlternaria alternatat0
- Compound
- Alternariol methyl ether, altenusin, and altenuenee0
- Outcome
- primary antimicrobial agentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alternaria alternata”
e0“Alternariol methyl ether, altenusin, and altenuene are presumed to be the primary antimicrobial agents in the fermentation filtrate”
The same questions in other papers
processing · growth · Fusarium solaniResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
processing · disease · Fusarium solaniResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
processing · Fusarium solani · Lycium barbarum (wolfberry)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.