Abstract
Abstract Background Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, where its production is significantly constrained by insect pests. Among them, the jassid ( Amrasca biguttula biguttula ), a polyphagous pest with piercing-sucking mouthparts, causes serious yield losses. The experiments were conducted during the Kharif seasons (June to September) of 2023 and 2024 in the mid-hills of Nepal, using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments and four replications to evaluate the efficacy of different biopesticides against jassid populations. The treatments comprised neem oil (1% EC), Jholmal (a locally prepared organic formulation), Trichoderma harzianum (1 × 10⁸ CFU/ml), Beauveria bassiana (1 × 10⁸ CFU/ml), and an untreated control. Results The highest jassid mortality was recorded in plots treated with T. harzianum , with reductions of 76.72 and 77.26% per plant at 7 days after the third spray during the 2023 and 2024 Kharif seasons, respectively. These reductions were statistically significant ( P < 0.01) compared to the other biopesticide treatments. In 2023, both neem oil and T. harzianum exhibited comparable efficacy after the first and third sprays, while in 2024, their effectiveness aligned during the first and second sprays. B. bassiana showed lower efficacy in the second and third sprays of 2023 but demonstrated improved performance in 2024, consistently reducing jassid populations compared to Jholmal and the control. Yield assessments revealed that T. harzianum -treated plots produced the highest okra yields of 18.73 t/ha in 2023 and 21.25 t/ha in 2024, while the untreated control consistently recorded the lowest yields of 8.75 t/ha and 8.00 t/ha, respectively. Conclusion Among the tested biopesticides, T. harzianum was the most effective in reducing jassid populations and enhancing okra yield under mid-hill conditions. These findings highlight the potential of T. harzianum as an eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides, promoting safer food, healthier soils, and sustainable pest management for resource-limited farmers in Nepal’s mid-hill regions.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma harzianum gave the highest jassid mortality, a reduction of 76.72 and 77.26% at 7 days after the third spray, significantly more than the other biopesticides.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentuse1 - Treatment
- T. harzianume3
- Interactor
- jasside3pest
- Second interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume3biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- jassid mortalitye3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 76.72 and 77.26%e3
- Comparator
- other biopesticide treatmentse4
- Setting
- mid-hills of Nepale2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, where its production is significantly constrained by insect pests”
e2“The experiments were conducted during the Kharif seasons (June to September) of 2023 and 2024 in the mid-hills of Nepal”
e3“The highest jassid mortality was recorded in plots treated with T. harzianum , with reductions of 76.72 and 77.26% per plant at 7 days after the third spray during the 2023 and 2024 Kharif seasons, respectively”
e4“These reductions were statistically significant ( P < 0.01) compared to the other biopesticide treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Plots treated with Trichoderma harzianum gave the highest okra yields, 18.73 t/ha in 2023 and 21.25 t/ha in 2024, against an untreated control of 8.75 and 8.00 t/ha.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- T. harzianume5
- Outcome
- okra yieldse5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- 18.73 t/ha in 2023 and 21.25 t/ha in 2024e5
- Qualifier
- 8.75 t/ha and 8.00 t/hae5
- Comparator
- untreated controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, where its production is significantly constrained by insect pests”
e5“Yield assessments revealed that T. harzianum -treated plots produced the highest okra yields of 18.73 t/ha in 2023 and 21.25 t/ha in 2024, while the untreated control consistently recorded the lowest yields of 8.75 t/ha and 8.00 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2023, neem oil and Trichoderma harzianum showed comparable efficacy after the first and third sprays.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- neem oile6
- Outcome
- efficacye6
- Direction
- comparablee6
- Qualifier
- after the first and third sprayse6
- Comparator
- T. harzianume6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, where its production is significantly constrained by insect pests”
e6“In 2023, both neem oil and T. harzianum exhibited comparable efficacy after the first and third sprays, while in 2024, their effectiveness aligned during the first and second sprays”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2024, neem oil and Trichoderma harzianum showed aligned effectiveness during the first and second sprays.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- neem oile6
- Outcome
- effectivenesse6
- Direction
- alignede6
- Qualifier
- during the first and second sprayse6
- Comparator
- T. harzianume6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, where its production is significantly constrained by insect pests”
e6“In 2023, both neem oil and T. harzianum exhibited comparable efficacy after the first and third sprays, while in 2024, their effectiveness aligned during the first and second sprays”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2023, Beauveria bassiana showed lower efficacy against jassid in the second and third sprays.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- B. bassianae7
- Interactor
- jasside7pest
- Second interactor
- B. bassiana
Beauveria bassianae7biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- efficacye7
- Direction
- lowere7
- Qualifier
- second and third sprays of 2023e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, where its production is significantly constrained by insect pests”
e7“B. bassiana showed lower efficacy in the second and third sprays of 2023 but demonstrated improved performance in 2024, consistently reducing jassid populations compared to Jholmal and the control”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2024, Beauveria bassiana consistently reduced jassid populations compared to Jholmal and the control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- B. bassianae7
- Interactor
- jasside7pest
- Second interactor
- B. bassianaBeauveria bassianae7biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- jassid populationse7
- Direction
- reducinge7
- Qualifier
- improved performance in 2024e7
- Comparator
- Jholmal and the controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, where its production is significantly constrained by insect pests”
e7“B. bassiana showed lower efficacy in the second and third sprays of 2023 but demonstrated improved performance in 2024, consistently reducing jassid populations compared to Jholmal and the control”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma harzianum · pest · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Trichoderma harzianum · yield · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Beauveria bassiana · pest · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
botanical · control · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.