Abstract
Abstract. Kartini K, Shevira RA, Setiawan F, Pradana AT, Azminah A, Sukweenadhi J, Rosyidah A, Widyowati R. 2025. Botanical, phytochemical, and bioactivity characterization of Coleus scutellarioides. Biodiversitas 26: 3623-3633. Coleus scutellarioides, commonly known as miana in Indonesia, is a versatile ornamental plant with a longstanding history of traditional medicinal use, particularly for treating inflammation and metabolic disorders. This study focuses on the purple variety due to its prevalence in traditional medicine and its distinctive features, including deep purple foliage with serrated margins. A comprehensive characterization was conducted, including botanical identification, physicochemical tests, and spectroscopic analysis (TLC, ATR-FTIR) to support its standardization as a medicinal crude drug. Biological activities were assessed for in vitro antioxidant (DPPH, NO) and enzyme inhibition (?-glucosidase, ?-amylase, xanthine oxidase) assays. Botanical analysis confirmed distinct morphological and microscopic traits, aiding in varietal identification. The physical evaluation yielded acceptable standardization values: loss on drying (8.86% w/w), total ash (9.35% w/w), and acid-insoluble ash (2.57% w/w). The thick extract exhibited a moisture content of 20.04% w/w, with total and acid-insoluble ash contents of 5.44% w/w and 3.72% w/w, respectively. Thin layer chromatography and spectral analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids, with total flavonoid contents of 0.59 mg QE/g (crude drug, i.e., dried plant material prior to extraction) and 1.64 mg QE/g (concentrated extract). Extractive values indicated that water-soluble constituents dominate. Biological assays demonstrated significant antioxidant activity (IC?? = 70.06 µg/mL), moderate ?-glucosidase (IC?? = 630 µg/mL), weak xanthine oxidase (IC?? = 900 µg/mL) and nitric oxide (IC?? = 2.52×10³ µg/mL) inhibition, but no ?-amylase inhibition activity. These findings support the traditional use of C. scutellarioides and provide scientific evidence for its potential as a natural remedy for oxidative stress and metabolic disorders.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
The purple variety had distinct morphological and microscopic traits supporting identification.
- Taxon
- Coleus scutellarioides
Coleus scutellarioidest0 - Material
- purple varietye1
- Outcome
- distinct morphological and microscopic traitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Botanical analysis confirmed distinct morphological and microscopic traits, aiding in varietal identification.”
t0“Coleus scutellarioides”
e1“This study focuses on the purple variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude drug loss on drying was 8.86% w/w.
- Taxon
- Coleus scutellarioidesColeus scutellarioidest0
- Outcome
- loss on dryinge0
- Value
- 8.86% w/we0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“loss on drying (8.86% w/w)”
t0“Coleus scutellarioides”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude drug total ash was 9.35% w/w.
- Taxon
- Coleus scutellarioidesColeus scutellarioidest0
- Outcome
- total ashe0
- Value
- 9.35% w/we0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total ash (9.35% w/w)”
t0“Coleus scutellarioides”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude drug acid-insoluble ash was 2.57% w/w.
- Taxon
- Coleus scutellarioidesColeus scutellarioidest0
- Outcome
- acid-insoluble ashe0
- Value
- 2.57% w/we0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acid-insoluble ash (2.57% w/w)”
t0“Coleus scutellarioides”
Claim · model-written summary
Thick extract moisture was 20.04% w/w.
- Taxon
- Coleus scutellarioidesColeus scutellarioidest0
- Outcome
- moisture contente0
- Value
- 20.04% w/we0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The thick extract exhibited a moisture content of 20.04% w/w”
t0“Coleus scutellarioides”
Claim · model-written summary
Thick extract total ash was 5.44% w/w.
- Taxon
- Coleus scutellarioidesColeus scutellarioidest0
- Outcome
- ash contentse0
- Value
- 5.44% w/we0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total and acid-insoluble ash contents of 5.44% w/w and 3.72% w/w, respectively”
t0“Coleus scutellarioides”
Claim · model-written summary
Thick extract acid-insoluble ash was 3.72% w/w.
- Taxon
- Coleus scutellarioidesColeus scutellarioidest0
- Outcome
- acid-insoluble ash contentse0
- Value
- 3.72% w/we0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total and acid-insoluble ash contents of 5.44% w/w and 3.72% w/w, respectively”
t0“Coleus scutellarioides”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoids and phenolic acids were detected.
- Taxon
- Coleus scutellarioidesColeus scutellarioidest0
- Outcome
- presence of flavonoids and phenolic acidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thin layer chromatography and spectral analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids”
t0“Coleus scutellarioides”
Claim · model-written summary
Total flavonoids in crude drug measured 0.59 mg QE/g.
- Taxon
- Coleus scutellarioidesColeus scutellarioidest0
- Outcome
- total flavonoid contentse0
- Value
- 0.59 mg QE/ge0
- Qualifier
- crude druge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total flavonoid contents of 0.59 mg QE/g (crude drug, i.e., dried plant material prior to extraction)”
t0“Coleus scutellarioides”
Claim · model-written summary
Total flavonoids in concentrated extract measured 1.64 mg QE/g.
- Taxon
- Coleus scutellarioidesColeus scutellarioidest0
- Outcome
- total flavonoid contentse1
- Value
- 1.64 mg QE/ge0
- Qualifier
- concentrated extracte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1.64 mg QE/g (concentrated extract)”
t0“Coleus scutellarioides”
e1“total flavonoid contents of 0.59 mg QE/g”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble constituents dominated extractives.
- Taxon
- Coleus scutellarioidesColeus scutellarioidest0
- Outcome
- water-soluble constituents dominatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Extractive values indicated that water-soluble constituents dominate.”
t0“Coleus scutellarioides”
Claim · model-written summary
The extract showed significant antioxidant activity at IC?? = 70.06 µg/mL.
- Taxon
- Coleus scutellarioidesColeus scutellarioidest0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Value
- 70.06 µg/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant antioxidant activity (IC?? = 70.06 µg/mL)”
t0“Coleus scutellarioides”
Claim · model-written summary
The extract moderately inhibited ?-glucosidase at IC?? = 630 µg/mL.
- Taxon
- Coleus scutellarioidesColeus scutellarioidest0
- Outcome
- ?-glucosidasee0
- Value
- 630 µg/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“moderate ?-glucosidase (IC?? = 630 µg/mL)”
t0“Coleus scutellarioides”
Claim · model-written summary
The extract weakly inhibited xanthine oxidase at IC?? = 900 µg/mL.
- Taxon
- Coleus scutellarioidesColeus scutellarioidest0
- Outcome
- xanthine oxidasee0
- Value
- 900 µg/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weak xanthine oxidase (IC?? = 900 µg/mL)”
t0“Coleus scutellarioides”
Claim · model-written summary
The extract weakly inhibited nitric oxide at IC?? = 2.52×10³ µg/mL.
- Taxon
- Coleus scutellarioidesColeus scutellarioidest0
- Outcome
- nitric oxidee0
- Value
- 2.52×10³ µg/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitric oxide (IC?? = 2.52×10³ µg/mL) inhibition”
t0“Coleus scutellarioides”
Claim · model-written summary
The extract showed no ?-amylase inhibition activity.
- Taxon
- Coleus scutellarioidesColeus scutellarioidest0
- Outcome
- ?-amylase inhibition activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no ?-amylase inhibition activity”
t0“Coleus scutellarioides”