Abstract
Abstract Heavy metal exposure is commonly acknowledged as a primary constraint on plant growth. The beneficial impacts of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL), an important brassinosteroid (BR), in mitigating abiotic stresses have led to its recognition as a growth regulator in plants. The present research investigates the potential protective role of 24-epibrassinolide (10−9 M) treatments on some physio-biochemical parameters in durum wheat roots (Triticum turgidum durum, var. Karim) under copper (Cu) toxicity (100 μM). The supply of EBL to Cu-contaminated growth medium of wheat seeds counteracted the harmful effects of the heavy metal on root growth, attested by fresh weight and length increase, and reduced the Cu accumulation by 56% as compared to non-treated roots with EBL. This achievement seems to be mediated by the decrease of Cu-imposed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) overproduction and the protection of sensitive biomolecules against oxidative injury. This protective effect is confirmed by the lowered content of malondialdehyde and carbonyl groups, as well as minimized lipoxygenase activity. Besides, EBL application improved the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes, as well as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). Moreover, co-treatment with Cu + EBL induced an increase in ascorbate, glutathione, and proline contents. The improvement of the cellular redox state following EBL addition seems to counteract Cu-induced cell death. This study provides new insights into the mechanism by which BRs modulate root antioxidant systems under copper stress, highlighting a coordinated activation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic defence pathways that contribute to maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis and stress resilience.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
EBL increased wheat root fresh weight and length under copper stress.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- EBLe0
- Outcome
- fresh weight and lengthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The supply of EBL to Cu-contaminated growth medium of wheat seeds counteracted the harmful effects of the heavy metal on root growth, attested by fresh weight and length increase”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL reduced copper accumulation in wheat roots by 56%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- EBLe0
- Outcome
- Cu accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 56%e0
- Comparator
- non-treated roots with EBLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the Cu accumulation by 56% as compared to non-treated roots with EBL.”
e1“growth medium of wheat seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL decreased copper-induced hydrogen peroxide overproduction.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- EBLe2
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) overproductione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decrease of Cu-imposed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) overproduction”
e1“growth medium of wheat seeds”
e2“The supply of EBL to Cu-contaminated growth medium”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL protected sensitive biomolecules against oxidative injury.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- EBLe2
- Outcome
- protection of sensitive biomolecules against oxidative injurye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the protection of sensitive biomolecules against oxidative injury”
e1“growth medium of wheat seeds”
e2“The supply of EBL to Cu-contaminated growth medium”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL lowered malondialdehyde and carbonyl group content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- EBLe2
- Outcome
- content of malondialdehyde and carbonyl groupse0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This protective effect is confirmed by the lowered content of malondialdehyde and carbonyl groups”
e1“growth medium of wheat seeds”
e2“The supply of EBL to Cu-contaminated growth medium”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL minimized lipoxygenase activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- EBLe2
- Gene
- lipoxygenasee0
- Outcome
- lipoxygenase activitye0
- Direction
- minimizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimized lipoxygenase activity”
e1“growth medium of wheat seeds”
e2“The supply of EBL to Cu-contaminated growth medium”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL improved SOD, CAT and ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- EBL applicatione0
- Outcome
- activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EBL application improved the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes”
e1“growth medium of wheat seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL improved PAL activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- EBL applicatione0
- Gene
- phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)e0
- Outcome
- phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EBL application improved the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes, as well as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL).”
e1“growth medium of wheat seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper and EBL increased ascorbate, glutathione and proline contents.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- co-treatment with Cu + EBLe0
- Outcome
- ascorbate, glutathione, and proline contentse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“co-treatment with Cu + EBL induced an increase in ascorbate, glutathione, and proline contents.”
e1“growth medium of wheat seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL improved cellular redox state and appeared to counteract copper-induced cell death.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- EBL additione0
- Outcome
- Cu-induced cell deathe0
- Qualifier
- cellular redox statee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The improvement of the cellular redox state following EBL addition seems to counteract Cu-induced cell death.”
e1“growth medium of wheat seeds”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.