Abstract
Heavy metal stress severely compromises crop productivity, with Cr(VI) being particularly detrimental to seed germination and early seedling development. This study demonstrates that exogenous proline (Pro) application significantly alleviates Cr(VI) toxicity in rice through multifaceted mechanisms. Under Cr(VI) stress (2.0-16.0 mg/L), Pro pretreatment increasing germination potential (GP) by 6.0-28.0% and germination rate (Gr) by 0.8-18.2%, while reducing mean germination time (MGT) by 6.9-14.5%; Pro elevating SOD (up to 287%), CAT (4.6-fold), and GR (1.22-fold) activities, alongside increasing GSH (1.1-fold) and AsA (1.3-fold) levels; Pro reducing MDA content by 85.0-88.2% and enhancing photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll: 1.2-fold; carotenoids: 1.5-fold); Pro decreasing Cr accumulation in plumules by 17.5-78.5% while increasing grain sequestration. Random forest analysis revealed that Pro-mediated improvements were primarily driven by enhanced chlorophyll content (from 8.5% to 14.6%), CAT (from 13.6% to 16.7%), and SOD (from 5.1% to 8.3%) activities. These results establish Pro as an effective priming agent for improving rice establishment in Cr(VI)-contaminated environments through synergistic regulation of antioxidant systems, metal redistribution, and photosynthetic efficiency. These findings support the potential of Pro as a cost-effective strategy for improving rice establishment in Cr(VI)-contaminated soils.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Proline raised germination potential 6.0-28.0% under Cr(VI).
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Pro pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- germination potentiale0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 6.0-28.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pro pretreatment increasing germination potential (GP) by 6.0-28.0%”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline raised germination rate 0.8-18.2% under Cr(VI).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- prolinet0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 0.8-18.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination rate (Gr) by 0.8-18.2%”
t0“exogenous proline on rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline reduced mean germination time 6.9-14.5%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- prolinet0
- Outcome
- mean germination timee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 6.9-14.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while reducing mean germination time (MGT) by 6.9-14.5%”
t0“exogenous proline on rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline elevated SOD activity up to 287%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pro elevating SOD (up to 287%), CAT (4.6-fold), and GR (1.22-fold) activities”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline elevated CAT activity 4.6-fold.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pro elevating SOD (up to 287%), CAT (4.6-fold), and GR (1.22-fold) activities”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline elevated GR activity 1.22-fold.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pro elevating SOD (up to 287%), CAT (4.6-fold), and GR (1.22-fold) activities”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline increased GSH 1.1-fold.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alongside increasing GSH (1.1-fold) and AsA (1.3-fold) levels”
t0“exogenous proline on rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline increased AsA 1.3-fold.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alongside increasing GSH (1.1-fold) and AsA (1.3-fold) levels”
t0“exogenous proline on rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline reduced MDA content 85.0-88.2%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pro reducing MDA content by 85.0-88.2%”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline enhanced chlorophyll 1.2-fold.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhancing photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll: 1.2-fold; carotenoids: 1.5-fold)”
t0“exogenous proline on rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline enhanced carotenoids 1.5-fold.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhancing photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll: 1.2-fold; carotenoids: 1.5-fold)”
t0“exogenous proline on rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline lowered chromium accumulation in plumules 17.5-78.5%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- plumulese0
- Treatment
- Proe0
- Outcome
- Cr accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Value
- 17.5-78.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pro decreasing Cr accumulation in plumules by 17.5-78.5%”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline increased grain chromium sequestration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- prolinet0
- Outcome
- grain sequestratione0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while increasing grain sequestration”
t0“exogenous proline on rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Random forest analysis attributed improvement chiefly to chlorophyll, CAT and SOD.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Proe0
- Outcome
- Pro-mediated improvementse0
- Qualifier
- enhanced chlorophyll content (from 8.5% to 14.6%), CAT (from 13.6% to 16.7%), and SOD (from 5.1% to 8.3%) activitiese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Random forest analysis revealed that Pro-mediated improvements were primarily driven by enhanced chlorophyll content (from 8.5% to 14.6%), CAT (from 13.6% to 16.7%), and SOD (from 5.1% to 8.3%) activities.”
t0“rice seedling”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.