Abstract
Proline accumulation contributes to the protection of plants against salt stress by inducing antioxidant defense systems. To investigate the protective effects of proline against salt stress, salt-sensitive (BRRI dhan29) and moderately salt-tolerant (BRRI dhan47) rice cultivars were grown in pots. Rice plants were exposed to different concentrations of NaCl at active tillering stage, and proline solutions (0, 25 and 50 mM) were sprayed on the leaves. Salt stress caused a significant reduction in growth and yield of both rice cultivars. Growth was drastically reduced and both cultivars failed to produce grains at 50 and 100 mM NaCl stresses, and even application of proline failed to compensate the adverse effects at those high salt stresses. Exogenous proline showed a significant increase in plant growth of both cultivars at 25 mM NaCl stress, and that proline increased grain yield of only salt-sensitive rice at same salt stress. Salt stress significantly decreased chlorophyll and ascorbate contents, straw K+/Na+ ratio and activity of antioxidant enzyme guaiacol peroxidase (POX) in both cultivars. Intracellular proline content increased in salt-sensitive rice but decreased in salt-tolerant rice under salt stress. Exogenous proline increased chlorophyll, intracellular proline and ascorbate contents, K+/Na+ ratio and activities of antioxidant enzymes in salt-sensitive rice at 25 mM NaCl stress although most of those data were not affected in salt-tolerant rice. The present study; therefore, suggests that exogenous proline confers tolerance to salt stress in salt-sensitive rice by maintaining higher K+/Na+ ratio and enhancing proline accumulation and antioxidant defense systems.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced growth and yield of both rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- growth and yielde1
- Direction
- reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Salt stress caused a significant reduction in growth and yield of both rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Both rice cultivars failed to produce grains at 50 and 100 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- 50 and 100 mM NaCle3
- Outcome
- produce grainse3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“both rice cultivars”
e3“Growth was drastically reduced and both cultivars failed to produce grains at 50 and 100 mM NaCl stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth was drastically reduced at 50 and 100 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- 50 and 100 mM NaCle3
- Outcome
- Growthe3
- Direction
- drastically reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“both rice cultivars”
e3“Growth was drastically reduced and both cultivars failed to produce grains at 50 and 100 mM NaCl stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous proline did not compensate for the adverse effects of salt stress at 50 and 100 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- application of prolinee4
- Outcome
- adverse effectse4
- Direction
- failed to compensatee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“both rice cultivars”
e4“even application of proline failed to compensate the adverse effects at those high salt stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous proline significantly increased plant growth of both rice cultivars at 25 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Exogenous prolinee5
- Outcome
- plant growthe5
- Direction
- significant increasee5
- Qualifier
- 25 mM NaCl stresse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“both rice cultivars”
e5“Exogenous proline showed a significant increase in plant growth of both cultivars at 25 mM NaCl stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline increased grain yield of only the salt-sensitive rice at the same salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae6
- Material
- salt-sensitive ricee6
- Treatment
- prolinee6
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Qualifier
- at same salt stresse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“that proline increased grain yield of only salt-sensitive rice at same salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly decreased chlorophyll and ascorbate contents in both rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Salt stresse7
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and ascorbate contentse7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“both rice cultivars”
e7“Salt stress significantly decreased chlorophyll and ascorbate contents, straw K+/Na+ ratio and activity of antioxidant enzyme guaiacol peroxidase (POX) in both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly decreased the straw K+/Na+ ratio in both rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Salt stresse7
- Outcome
- straw K+/Na+ ratioe7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“both rice cultivars”
e7“Salt stress significantly decreased chlorophyll and ascorbate contents, straw K+/Na+ ratio and activity of antioxidant enzyme guaiacol peroxidase (POX) in both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly decreased guaiacol peroxidase (POX) activity in both rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Salt stresse7
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzyme guaiacol peroxidase (POX)e7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“both rice cultivars”
e7“Salt stress significantly decreased chlorophyll and ascorbate contents, straw K+/Na+ ratio and activity of antioxidant enzyme guaiacol peroxidase (POX) in both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Intracellular proline content increased under salt stress in salt-sensitive rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- salt-sensitive ricee1
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- Intracellular proline contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Intracellular proline content increased in salt-sensitive rice but decreased in salt-tolerant rice under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Intracellular proline content decreased under salt stress in salt-tolerant rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- salt-tolerant ricee1
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- Intracellular proline contente1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Intracellular proline content increased in salt-sensitive rice but decreased in salt-tolerant rice under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous proline increased chlorophyll, intracellular proline and ascorbate contents in salt-sensitive rice at 25 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- salt-sensitive ricee1
- Treatment
- Exogenous prolinee1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll, intracellular proline and ascorbate contentse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- 25 mM NaCl stresse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Exogenous proline increased chlorophyll, intracellular proline and ascorbate contents, K+/Na+ ratio and activities of antioxidant enzymes in salt-sensitive rice at 25 mM NaCl stress although most of those data were not affected in salt-tolerant rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous proline increased the K+/Na+ ratio in salt-sensitive rice at 25 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- salt-sensitive ricee1
- Treatment
- Exogenous prolinee1
- Outcome
- K+/Na+ ratioe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- 25 mM NaCl stresse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Exogenous proline increased chlorophyll, intracellular proline and ascorbate contents, K+/Na+ ratio and activities of antioxidant enzymes in salt-sensitive rice at 25 mM NaCl stress although most of those data were not affected in salt-tolerant rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous proline increased antioxidant enzyme activities in salt-sensitive rice at 25 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- salt-sensitive ricee1
- Treatment
- Exogenous prolinee1
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- 25 mM NaCl stresse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Exogenous proline increased chlorophyll, intracellular proline and ascorbate contents, K+/Na+ ratio and activities of antioxidant enzymes in salt-sensitive rice at 25 mM NaCl stress although most of those data were not affected in salt-tolerant rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Most of the measured traits were not affected by exogenous proline in salt-tolerant rice at 25 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- salt-tolerant ricee1
- Treatment
- Exogenous prolinee1
- Outcome
- most of those datae1
- Direction
- not affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Exogenous proline increased chlorophyll, intracellular proline and ascorbate contents, K+/Na+ ratio and activities of antioxidant enzymes in salt-sensitive rice at 25 mM NaCl stress although most of those data were not affected in salt-tolerant rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest exogenous proline confers salt tolerance in salt-sensitive rice by maintaining K+/Na+ ratio and enhancing proline accumulation and antioxidant defence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- salt-sensitive ricee1
- Treatment
- exogenous prolinee1
- Outcome
- tolerance to salt stresse1
- Qualifier
- by maintaining higher K+/Na+ ratio and enhancing proline accumulation and antioxidant defense systemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The present study; therefore, suggests that exogenous proline confers tolerance to salt stress in salt-sensitive rice by maintaining higher K+/Na+ ratio and enhancing proline accumulation and antioxidant defense systems”
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See all 74 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.