Abstract
Food security and human health are directly related to the condition of agricultural soils. Soil contamination by heavy metals is a global environmental problem. Lead (Pb) is a toxic and non-biodegradable element posing a significant risk to ecosystems and human health. 24-Epibrassinolide (EBR) has multiple benefits in plant metabolism, including maximizing gas exchange. In plants, exogenous application of dopamine (DOP) confers tolerance to abiotic stresses, minimizing interferences on growth. This study aimed to investigate whether the exogenous application of EBR and DOP, administered independently or jointly, can contribute to mitigating the oxidative stress and impacts on photosystem II in Pb-stressed tomato, evaluating parameters related to nutritional status, photosystem II activity, gas exchange, antioxidant enzymes, and biomass. Better results were observed with the isolated EBR application, improving the photosynthetic efficiency, as evidenced by the increases in chlorophyll contents, effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, photochemical quenching coefficient, and electron transport rate, resulting in a higher net photosynthesis rate. Parallelly, treatment using both plant growth regulators (DOP and EBR) promoted significant increases of 14%, 18%, 13%, and 35% in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase, contributing to the reduction in oxidative stress in photosystem II of Pb-stressed plants. Therefore, this research proves that the exogenous application of DOP and EBR, alone or in combination, attenuates the toxic effects generated by Pb in tomato plants.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
EBR increased chlorophyll content, PSII quantum yield and photochemical quenching under Pb stress.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- isolated EBR applicatione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contents, effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, photochemical quenching coefficiente0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“isolated EBR application, improving the photosynthetic efficiency, as evidenced by the increases in chlorophyll contents, effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, photochemical quenching coefficient, and electron transport rate”
e1“Pb-stressed tomato”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EBR increased electron transport rate under Pb stress.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- isolated EBR applicatione0
- Outcome
- electron transport ratee0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“isolated EBR application, improving the photosynthetic efficiency, as evidenced by the increases in chlorophyll contents, effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, photochemical quenching coefficient, and electron transport rate”
e1“Pb-stressed tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
EBR increased net photosynthesis rate under Pb stress.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- isolated EBR applicatione1
- Outcome
- net photosynthesis ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in a higher net photosynthesis rate”
e1“isolated EBR application”
e2“Pb-stressed tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined DOP and EBR increased superoxide dismutase activity by 14%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- both plant growth regulators (DOP and EBR)e0
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 14%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment using both plant growth regulators (DOP and EBR) promoted significant increases of 14%, 18%, 13%, and 35% in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase”
e1“Pb-stressed tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined DOP and EBR increased catalase activity by 18%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- both plant growth regulators (DOP and EBR)e0
- Outcome
- catalasee0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment using both plant growth regulators (DOP and EBR) promoted significant increases of 14%, 18%, 13%, and 35% in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase”
e1“Pb-stressed tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined DOP and EBR increased ascorbate peroxidase activity by 13%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- both plant growth regulators (DOP and EBR)e0
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 13%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment using both plant growth regulators (DOP and EBR) promoted significant increases of 14%, 18%, 13%, and 35% in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase”
e1“Pb-stressed tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined DOP and EBR increased peroxidase activity by 35%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- both plant growth regulators (DOP and EBR)e0
- Outcome
- peroxidasee0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 35%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment using both plant growth regulators (DOP and EBR) promoted significant increases of 14%, 18%, 13%, and 35% in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase”
e1“Pb-stressed tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment reduced oxidative stress in PSII.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- both plant growth regulators (DOP and EBR)e0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress in photosystem IIe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment using both plant growth regulators (DOP and EBR) promoted significant increases of 14%, 18%, 13%, and 35% in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase, contributing to the reduction in oxidative stress in photosystem II of Pb-stressed plants”
e1“Pb-stressed tomato”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.