Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted during the 2022–2023 and 2023–2024 seasons to assess the impact of soaking garlic seeds in gibberellic acid (GA₃) at 125 and 250 ppm and seaweed extract at 1000 and 2000 ppm on germination speed along with the effect of foliar application of paclobutrazol (PBZ) at 0, 250, and 500 ppm on vegetative growth, chemical composition, and yield. Results indicated improved vegetative growth parameters, including leaf number, plant height, and fresh and dry weights, with seed soaking. Conversely, paclobutrazol application reduced these traits. The highest chlorophyll content was recorded with 2000 ppm seaweed extract or 250 ppm GA₃. Furthermore, soaking seeds in 2000 ppm seaweed extract yielded superior nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and protein content. Paclobutrazol application reduced chlorophyll, nitrogen, and protein levels but significantly enhanced phosphorus and potassium content. Soaking seeds in 2000 ppm seaweed extract, followed by 1000 ppm, improved yield attributes like the number of cloves, the diameter of the bulb, and the weight of the fresh and dry bulbs. Paclobutrazol at 250 and 500 ppm further enhanced the yield characteristics. The highest post-storage weight loss occurred in bulbs from seeds soaked in 250 ppm GA₃, while the lowest was with 2000 ppm seaweed extract. Paclobutrazol application, particularly at 500 ppm, effectively reduced weight loss during storage. This study shows that soaking seeds in 2000 ppm seaweed extract is the optimal treatment for accelerating germination and enhancing growth, yield, and storage. Moreover, paclobutrazol at 500 ppm improves yield and extends storage duration.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Seed soaking improved garlic leaf number, height and fresh and dry weights.
- Taxon
- GARLIC
Allium sativumt0 - Treatment
- seed soakinge0
- Outcome
- leaf number, plant height, and fresh and dry weightse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved vegetative growth parameters, including leaf number, plant height, and fresh and dry weights, with seed soaking”
t0“GARLIC”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol reduced garlic leaf number, height and fresh and dry weights.
- Taxon
- GARLICAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- paclobutrazol applicatione0
- Outcome
- leaf number, plant height, and fresh and dry weightse1
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conversely, paclobutrazol application reduced these traits”
e1“leaf number, plant height, and fresh and dry weights”
t0“GARLIC”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed extract at 2000 ppm produced the highest chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- GARLICAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- 2000 ppm seaweed extracte0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest chlorophyll content was recorded with 2000 ppm seaweed extract or 250 ppm GA₃”
t0“GARLIC”
Claim · model-written summary
GA₃ at 250 ppm produced the highest chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- GARLICAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- 250 ppm GA₃e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest chlorophyll content was recorded with 2000 ppm seaweed extract or 250 ppm GA₃”
t0“GARLIC”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed extract at 2000 ppm gave superior nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and protein content.
- Taxon
- GARLICAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- soaking seeds in 2000 ppm seaweed extracte0
- Outcome
- nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and protein contente0
- Direction
- superiore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soaking seeds in 2000 ppm seaweed extract yielded superior nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and protein content”
t0“GARLIC”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol reduced chlorophyll, nitrogen and protein levels.
- Taxon
- GARLICAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Paclobutrazol applicatione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll, nitrogen, and protein levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paclobutrazol application reduced chlorophyll, nitrogen, and protein levels”
t0“GARLIC”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol significantly increased phosphorus and potassium content.
- Taxon
- GARLICAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Paclobutrazol applicatione0
- Outcome
- phosphorus and potassium contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paclobutrazol application reduced chlorophyll, nitrogen, and protein levels but significantly enhanced phosphorus and potassium content”
t0“GARLIC”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed extract at 2000 ppm improved clove number, bulb diameter and fresh and dry bulb weight.
- Taxon
- GARLICAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- 2000 ppm seaweed extracte0
- Outcome
- number of cloves, the diameter of the bulb, and the weight of the fresh and dry bulbse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soaking seeds in 2000 ppm seaweed extract, followed by 1000 ppm, improved yield attributes like the number of cloves, the diameter of the bulb, and the weight of the fresh and dry bulbs”
t0“GARLIC”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed extract at 1000 ppm improved clove number, bulb diameter and bulb weight.
- Taxon
- GARLICAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- 1000 ppme0
- Outcome
- number of cloves, the diameter of the bulb, and the weight of the fresh and dry bulbse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soaking seeds in 2000 ppm seaweed extract, followed by 1000 ppm, improved yield attributes like the number of cloves, the diameter of the bulb, and the weight of the fresh and dry bulbs”
t0“GARLIC”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol at 250 ppm enhanced yield characteristics.
- Taxon
- GARLICAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Paclobutrazol at 250e0
- Outcome
- yield characteristicse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paclobutrazol at 250 and 500 ppm further enhanced the yield characteristics”
t0“GARLIC”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol at 500 ppm enhanced yield characteristics.
- Taxon
- GARLICAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- 500 ppme0
- Outcome
- yield characteristicse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paclobutrazol at 250 and 500 ppm further enhanced the yield characteristics”
t0“GARLIC”
Claim · model-written summary
GA₃ at 250 ppm gave the highest post-storage bulb weight loss.
- Taxon
- GARLICAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- seeds soaked in 250 ppm GA₃e0
- Outcome
- post-storage weight losse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest post-storage weight loss occurred in bulbs from seeds soaked in 250 ppm GA₃”
t0“GARLIC”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed extract at 2000 ppm gave the lowest post-storage bulb weight loss.
- Taxon
- GARLICAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- 2000 ppm seaweed extracte0
- Outcome
- post-storage weight losse1
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while the lowest was with 2000 ppm seaweed extract”
e1“post-storage weight loss”
t0“GARLIC”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol, especially at 500 ppm, reduced storage weight loss.
- Taxon
- GARLICAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Paclobutrazol application, particularly at 500 ppme0
- Outcome
- weight loss during storagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paclobutrazol application, particularly at 500 ppm, effectively reduced weight loss during storage”
t0“GARLIC”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 2000 ppm seaweed extract for faster germination and better growth, yield and storage.
- Taxon
- GARLICAllium sativumt0
- Outcome
- accelerating germination and enhancing growth, yield, and storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soaking seeds in 2000 ppm seaweed extract is the optimal treatment for accelerating germination and enhancing growth, yield, and storage”
t0“GARLIC”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that paclobutrazol at 500 ppm improves yield and extends storage duration.
- Taxon
- GARLICAllium sativumt0
- Outcome
- improves yield and extends storage duratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“paclobutrazol at 500 ppm improves yield and extends storage duration”
t0“GARLIC”
The same questions in other papers
paclobutrazol · growth · Allium sativum (garlic)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Gibberellic acid · quality: postharvest · Allium sativum (garlic)Positive and negative results
4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →paclobutrazol · yield · Allium sativum (garlic)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
other · quality: postharvest · Allium sativum (garlic)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →application · quality: postharvest · Allium sativum (garlic)Positive and negative results
17 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →other · quality: protein · Allium sativum (garlic)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
application · quality: protein · Allium sativum (garlic)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
seed treatment · growth · Allium sativum (garlic)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.