Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for the growth and development of rice. However, excessive N fertiliser application and low N Use Efficiency (NUE) have led to serious environmental problems and threatened agricultural sustainability. In this study, we compared the physiological and transcriptomic profiles of roots of two cultivars exposed to normal nitrogen (NN) and low nitrogen (LN). The results showed that the LN treatment suppressed root growth and severely affected enzymatic activities in the roots of both rice cultivars compared to the NN treatment. Moreover, HJ753 exhibited significantly higher activities of NITRATE REDUCTASE (NR) and GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE (GS) in its roots than DJ8 under both LN and NN conditions. Transcriptomic analysis identified 23,205 genes across all samples, with more than 5000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) detected in response to LN stress in both cultivars. The KEGG analysis revealed that the DEGs were primarily involved in DNA replication, tryptophan metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and N metabolism. Under LN stress, most genes associated with tryptophan metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways remained stable or were upregulated in both cultivars. In contrast, genes related to auxin signalling transduction, N metabolism, and N utilisation exhibited significant genotype-specific expression patterns between HJ753 and DJ8. In conclusion, this study elucidated the genotypic differences in root development and N response mechanisms under LN stress at the molecular level, providing new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of N efficiency that may be used to develop and support the breeding of N-efficient rice cultivars.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen suppressed root growth in both rice cultivars compared with normal nitrogen.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- LN treatmente1
- Outcome
- root growthe1
- Direction
- suppressede1
- Comparator
- NN treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for the growth and development of rice”
e1“the LN treatment suppressed root growth and severely affected enzymatic activities in the roots of both rice cultivars compared to the NN treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen severely affected root enzymatic activities in both rice cultivars compared with normal nitrogen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- LN treatmente1
- Outcome
- enzymatic activitiese1
- Direction
- severely affectede1
- Comparator
- NN treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for the growth and development of rice”
e1“the LN treatment suppressed root growth and severely affected enzymatic activities in the roots of both rice cultivars compared to the NN treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
HJ753 had significantly higher nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities in its roots than DJ8 under both LN and NN conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- HJ753e2
- Organ / stage
- rootse2
- Gene
- NITRATE REDUCTASE (NR) and GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE (GS)e2
- Outcome
- activities of NITRATE REDUCTASE (NR) and GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE (GS)e2
- Direction
- highere2
- Qualifier
- under both LN and NN conditionse2
- Comparator
- DJ8e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for the growth and development of rice”
e2“HJ753 exhibited significantly higher activities of NITRATE REDUCTASE (NR) and GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE (GS) in its roots than DJ8 under both LN and NN conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
More than 5000 genes were differentially expressed in rice roots in response to low nitrogen stress in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- LN stresse3
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e3
- Value
- more than 5000e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for the growth and development of rice”
e3“more than 5000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) detected in response to LN stress in both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were primarily involved in DNA replication, tryptophan metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- DNA replication, tryptophan metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesise4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for the growth and development of rice”
e4“The KEGG analysis revealed that the DEGs were primarily involved in DNA replication, tryptophan metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and N metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were involved in plant hormone signal transduction and N metabolism.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- plant hormone signal transduction, and N metabolisme4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for the growth and development of rice”
e4“The KEGG analysis revealed that the DEGs were primarily involved in DNA replication, tryptophan metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and N metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low nitrogen stress, genes of tryptophan metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis remained stable or were upregulated in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- LN stresse7
- Outcome
- genes associated with tryptophan metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathwayse7
- Direction
- remained stable or were upregulatede7
- Qualifier
- in both cultivarse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for the growth and development of rice”
e7“Under LN stress, most genes associated with tryptophan metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways remained stable or were upregulated in both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Genes for auxin signalling, N metabolism and N utilisation showed significant genotype-specific expression patterns between HJ753 and DJ8.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- HJ753 and DJ8e6
- Outcome
- genes related to auxin signalling transduction, N metabolism, and N utilisatione6
- Qualifier
- genotype-specific expression patternse6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for the growth and development of rice”
e6“genes related to auxin signalling transduction, N metabolism, and N utilisation exhibited significant genotype-specific expression patterns between HJ753 and DJ8”
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