Abstract
BACKGROUND: The best use of sandy soil in hot arid and semi-arid lands for cultivation is the ability to improve its physical and chemical properties. Therefore, the application of eco-friendly and natural substances added to sandy soils has been proven to improve water retention and alleviate nutrient deficiencies, consequently enhancing agricultural outputs. The present study aimed to investigate the advantageous effects of applying natural substances, particularly bentonite (a Type of clay), to improve the quality of desert sandy soils, and attributes of two mesophytes (cultivated Zea mays and wild Senna occidentalis) growing in three sandy soils were studied. RESULTS: The data obtained indicated that the morphological parameters, such as length and fresh weight of shoot and root in S. occidentalis and Z. mays plants, were positively affected by the soil texture, bentonite, and their interaction. In calcareous sandy soil, the water content of soil, shoot, and root tended to a maximum value with added a certain concentration of bentonite was added. With fine sands, the total chlorophyll content in both plants was markedly increased with the application of bentonite, which had a dominant role. The same role of bentonite was an effect on the different metabolic compounds, such as total soluble proteins, free amino acids, and total soluble sugars in the organs of the plants investigated. Fine sand exerted a high content of soluble proteins and soluble sugars, whereas the calcareous sandy soil accelerated the free amino acids in various plant organs. In general, bentonite had a major role in the osmo-metabolic compounds of both plant organs, as well as in the soluble proteins of Senna occidentalis root. Significant correlations existed between the water content of soil and plant organs with morphological and metabolic compounds. CONCLUSION: This investigation studies the advantageous effects of bentonite to improve the quality of desert sandy soil and plant productivity. Bentonite had a positive effect on the growth and metabolites of Zea mays and Senna occidentalis growing in three sandy soils. Also, bentonite affects the chlorophyll and different metabolic compounds (total soluble proteins, free amino acids, and soluble sugars) in two plants.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Soil texture and bentonite positively affected shoot and root length and fresh weight in S. occidentalis.
- Taxon
- S. occidentalis
_Senna_occidentalis_-_Habit_-_Les_Martels%2C_Giroussens_Tarn.jpg?width=60)
Senna occidentalise0 - Treatment
- bentonitee0
- Outcome
- length and fresh weight of shoot and roote0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Senna_occidentalis_-_Habit_-_Les_Martels%2C_Giroussens_Tarn.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“length and fresh weight of shoot and root in S. occidentalis and Z. mays plants, were positively affected by the soil texture, bentonite, and their interaction”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil texture and bentonite positively affected shoot and root length and fresh weight in Z. mays.
- Treatment
- bentonitee0
- Outcome
- length and fresh weight of shoot and roote0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“length and fresh weight of shoot and root in S. occidentalis and Z. mays plants, were positively affected by the soil texture, bentonite, and their interaction”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentonite maximized soil, shoot and root water content in calcareous sandy soil.
- Treatment
- bentonitee0
- Outcome
- water content of soil, shoot, and roote0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Setting
- calcareous sandy soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In calcareous sandy soil, the water content of soil, shoot, and root tended to a maximum value with added a certain concentration of bentonite was added”
t0“cultivated Zea mays and wild Senna occidentalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentonite markedly increased chlorophyll in both plants in fine sand.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With fine sands, the total chlorophyll content in both plants was markedly increased with the application of bentonite”
t0“cultivated Zea mays and wild Senna occidentalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentonite affected soluble proteins, free amino acids and soluble sugars.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same role of bentonite was an effect on the different metabolic compounds, such as total soluble proteins, free amino acids, and total soluble sugars in the organs of the plants investigated”
t0“cultivated Zea mays and wild Senna occidentalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Fine sand yielded high soluble protein and sugar content.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fine sand exerted a high content of soluble proteins and soluble sugars”
t0“cultivated Zea mays and wild Senna occidentalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcareous sandy soil accelerated free amino acids in plant organs.
- Outcome
- free amino acids in various plant organse0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
- Setting
- calcareous sandy soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the calcareous sandy soil accelerated the free amino acids in various plant organs”
t0“cultivated Zea mays and wild Senna occidentalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Water content of soil and plant organs correlated significantly with morphology and metabolites.
- Outcome
- morphological and metabolic compoundse0
- Qualifier
- water content of soil and plant organse0
- Setting
- soile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant correlations existed between the water content of soil and plant organs with morphological and metabolic compounds”
t0“cultivated Zea mays and wild Senna occidentalis”
The same questions in other papers
bentonite · physiology: pigments · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.