Abstract
Herbicide application and weed control in seed maize production requires special attention due to maize lines larger sensitivity to herbicides compared with hybrid maize. The introduction of foliarly applied herbicides on the market resulted in new possibilities for weed control, while causing problems more than ever to sensitive maize lines. The aim of study was to examine and define the sensitivity/tolerance of the five maize inbred lines (belonging to different heterotic groups), based on visual estimation of injury, morphological response (height, weight, and biomass), as well as in alterations of secondary metabolites from maize leaves (phenolics, protein sulfhydryl groups, phytic and inorganic phosphorus). Two herbicide groups were applied in the study: triketons (mesotrione and topramezone) and sulfonylureas (rimsulfuron and foramsulfuron). Lines from independent heterotic group, which were sensitive to herbicides, expressed higher visible damages together with significant reduction of grain yield, biomass, weight and leaf area reduction, mainly induced by sulfonylurea herbicides. Parallel with that, significant increase in phenolics, phytic and inorganic phosphorus, and drop in protein sulfhydryl groups were observed in their leaves. Tolerant lines (belonging to Lancaster group) had mainly insignificant grain yield reduce, also no reduction of measured morphological parameters, together with lesser variations in sulfhydryl groups, content of phytic and inorganic phosphorus, as well as increase in phenolics content. Among examined secondary metabolites, phytate was the main factor, contributing to herbicide tolerance in maize lines. Owing to lesser yield decrease and variation in content of examined secondary metabolites, expressed in treatments with triketone herbicides, their usage could be safe in maize lines. The obtained data suggest that mesotrione can be applied in seed maize for weed control, while with sulfonylurea herbicides, application must follow guidelines and instructions obtained by field and greenhouse monitoring.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Sensitive independent-group lines showed higher visible herbicide damage.
- Material
- Lines from independent heterotic groupe0
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- visible damagese0
- Direction
- highere0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lines from independent heterotic group, which were sensitive to herbicides, expressed higher visible damages”
t0“maize lines”
Claim · model-written summary
Sensitive independent-group lines had significantly reduced grain yield, biomass, weight, and leaf area, mainly under sulfonylureas.
- Material
- Lines from independent heterotic groupe1
- Treatment
- sulfonylurea herbicidese0
- Outcome
- grain yield, biomass, weight and leaf areae0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant reduction of grain yield, biomass, weight and leaf area reduction, mainly induced by sulfonylurea herbicides”
e1“Lines from independent heterotic group”
t0“maize lines”
Claim · model-written summary
Sensitive lines had increased leaf phenolics and phytic and inorganic phosphorus.
- Material
- sensitive to herbicidese1
- Treatment
- herbicidese1
- Outcome
- phenolics, phytic and inorganic phosphoruse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant increase in phenolics, phytic and inorganic phosphorus”
e1“sensitive to herbicides”
t0“maize lines”
Claim · model-written summary
Sensitive lines had decreased leaf protein sulfhydryl groups.
- Material
- sensitive to herbicidese1
- Treatment
- herbicidese1
- Outcome
- protein sulfhydryl groupse0
- Direction
- drope0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drop in protein sulfhydryl groups”
e1“sensitive to herbicides”
t0“maize lines”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytate was identified as the main contributor to herbicide tolerance in maize lines.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phytate was the main factor, contributing to herbicide tolerance in maize lines”
Claim · model-written summary
Triketone treatments caused less yield loss and metabolite variation.
- Treatment
- triketone herbicidese0
- Outcome
- yield decrease and variation in content of examined secondary metabolitese0
- Direction
- lessere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lesser yield decrease and variation in content of examined secondary metabolites, expressed in treatments with triketone herbicides”
t0“maize lines”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest mesotrione for weed control in seed maize.
- Outcome
- mesotrione can be applied in seed maize for weed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mesotrione can be applied in seed maize for weed control”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise following field and greenhouse monitoring guidance for sulfonylurea application.
- Outcome
- application must follow guidelines and instructions obtained by field and greenhouse monitoringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with sulfonylurea herbicides, application must follow guidelines and instructions obtained by field and greenhouse monitoring”
t0“maize lines”
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