Abstract
<ns2:p>Climate change is threatening the productivity of cereal crops and creating food insecurity issues worldwide. To assess the impacts of thermal variations on yield and quality of maize, two years field study was conducted during 2014 and 2015. Four maize hybrids were sown in spring season at ten planting dates with fifteen days interval between each planting date. Results revealed that late planted maize in the month of March to onward in spring faced significant decline in yield (10-40%) and quality (10–50%) due to higher temperatures, whereas early sown maize (15th and 30th January) showed better results in terms of grain quality and yield related traits. Yield and quality attributes showed a strong relationship with seasonal thermal variations with reliable R2 values ranged from 0.80 to 0.95. In conclusion, thermal variations at different sowing dates caused yield decline and quality deterioration in spring maize. However, maize hybrids P-1543 and DK-6103 resulted in higher yield return and better quality when sown earlier at end of January in spring.</ns2:p>
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Late spring sowing under higher temperatures reduced maize yield by 10–40%.
- Treatment
- late planted maize in the month of March to onward in springe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Value
- 10-40%e0
- Qualifier
- higher temperaturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“late planted maize in the month of March to onward in spring faced significant decline in yield (10-40%) and quality (10–50%) due to higher temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Late spring sowing under higher temperatures reduced maize quality by 10–50%.
- Treatment
- late planted maize in the month of March to onward in springe0
- Outcome
- qualitye0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Value
- 10–50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“late planted maize in the month of March to onward in spring faced significant decline in yield (10-40%) and quality (10–50%) due to higher temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Early January sowing gave better grain quality and yield related traits.
- Treatment
- early sown maize (15th and 30th January)e0
- Outcome
- grain quality and yield related traitse0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“early sown maize (15th and 30th January) showed better results in terms of grain quality and yield related traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield attributes were strongly associated with seasonal thermal variations, with R2 from 0.80 to 0.95.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“Yield and quality attributes showed a strong relationship with seasonal thermal variations with reliable R2 values ranged from 0.80 to 0.95”
t0“late planted maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Quality attributes were strongly associated with seasonal thermal variations, with R2 from 0.80 to 0.95.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“Yield and quality attributes showed a strong relationship with seasonal thermal variations with reliable R2 values ranged from 0.80 to 0.95”
t0“late planted maize”
Claim · model-written summary
P-1543 yielded more with earlier sowing at the end of January.
- Material
- P-1543e0
- Treatment
- sown earlier at end of January in springe0
- Outcome
- yield returne0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“maize hybrids P-1543 and DK-6103 resulted in higher yield return and better quality when sown earlier at end of January in spring”
Claim · model-written summary
DK-6103 yielded more with earlier sowing at the end of January.
- Material
- DK-6103e0
- Treatment
- sown earlier at end of January in springe0
- Outcome
- yield returne0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“maize hybrids P-1543 and DK-6103 resulted in higher yield return and better quality when sown earlier at end of January in spring”
Claim · model-written summary
P-1543 had better quality with earlier sowing at the end of January.
- Material
- P-1543e0
- Treatment
- sown earlier at end of January in springe0
- Outcome
- qualitye0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“maize hybrids P-1543 and DK-6103 resulted in higher yield return and better quality when sown earlier at end of January in spring”
Claim · model-written summary
DK-6103 had better quality with earlier sowing at the end of January.
- Material
- DK-6103e0
- Treatment
- sown earlier at end of January in springe0
- Outcome
- qualitye0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“maize hybrids P-1543 and DK-6103 resulted in higher yield return and better quality when sown earlier at end of January in spring”
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