Paper · 2026 · Ornamental Horticulture

Morphophysiological changes and effects of exogenous plant growth regulators on the flower development of Siam tulip (Curcuma alismatifolia)

Cam Tu Trinh; Pham Anh Minh Nguyen; Thanh Huong Tran

12
claims
23
verbatim quotes
0
citations
3
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Abstract The Siam Tulip (Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep.) is a tropical ornamental plant capable year-round growth. However, its natural flowering is limited to the rainy season, thereby limiting its commercial viability as a continuously flowering ornamental crop. This study analyzed the morphological and physiological changes during the growth and development of plant propagated from corms and evaluated the the effects of exogenous plant growth regulators on flower development in both juvenile and mature plants. The flower development of Siam Tulip can be divided into two distinct phases: (1) the floral transition phase (day 18 - 30), and (2) the flower development phase (day 30 to 72). The flower development included (i) floral organs formation and development (day 30 - 62), and (ii) inflorescence elongation and blooming (day 62 - 72). Levels of auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin progressively increased from the vegetative to the reproductive stage, peaking during the late inflorescence development whereas abscisic acid levels rose from the vegetative phase to the floral meristem formation but gradual decline thereafter. Application of 20 mg L-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or 10 mg L-1 benzyladenine (BA) significantly accelerated floral initiation in juvenile plants and enhanced flower develoment in mature plants. Additionally, treatment with 20 mg L-1 gibberellic acid promoted the elongation of the inflorescence stem. These findings suggest that appropriate PGR treatments can effectively accelerate flowering in C. alismatifolia, thereby enhancing its commercial potential.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 12

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Siam tulip floral transition occurred on days 18–30.

Taxon
Siam Tulipe1
Outcome
floral transition phasee0
Value
day 18 - 30e0

Verbatim

e0

“the floral transition phase (day 18 - 30)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 600–641 · show in text ↑
e1

“The flower development of Siam Tulip can be divided into two distinct phases”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 518–594 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Siam tulip flower development occurred on days 30–72.

Taxon
Siam Tulipe1
Outcome
flower development phasee0
Value
day 30 to 72e0

Verbatim

e0

“the flower development phase (day 30 to 72)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 651–694 · show in text ↑
e1

“The flower development of Siam Tulip can be divided into two distinct phases”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 518–594 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Siam tulip floral organs formed and developed on days 30–62.

Taxon
Siam Tulipe1
Outcome
floral organs formation and developmente0
Value
day 30 - 62e0

Verbatim

e0

“floral organs formation and development (day 30 - 62)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 732–785 · show in text ↑
e1

“The flower development of Siam Tulip can be divided into two distinct phases”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 518–594 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Siam tulip inflorescences elongated and bloomed on days 62–72.

Taxon
Siam Tulipe1
Outcome
inflorescence elongation and bloominge0
Value
day 62 - 72e0

Verbatim

e0

“inflorescence elongation and blooming (day 62 - 72)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 796–847 · show in text ↑
e1

“The flower development of Siam Tulip can be divided into two distinct phases”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 518–594 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin levels increased from vegetative to reproductive growth and peaked during late inflorescence development.

Taxon
Siam Tulipe1
Outcome
Levels of auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinine0
Direction
progressively increasede0
Qualifier
peaking during the late inflorescence developmente0

Verbatim

e0

“Levels of auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin progressively increased from the vegetative to the reproductive stage, peaking during the late inflorescence development”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 849–1013 · show in text ↑
e1

“The flower development of Siam Tulip”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 518–554 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Abscisic acid levels rose until floral meristem formation and then declined.

Taxon
Siam Tulipe1
Outcome
abscisic acid levelse0
Direction
rosee0
Qualifier
gradual decline thereaftere0

Verbatim

e0

“abscisic acid levels rose from the vegetative phase to the floral meristem formation but gradual decline thereafter”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1137 · show in text ↑
e1

“The flower development of Siam Tulip”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 518–554 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

IAA at 20 mg L-1 significantly accelerated floral initiation in juvenile plants.

Taxon
Siam Tulipe1
Organ / stage
juvenile plantse0
Treatment
20 mg L-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)e0
Outcome
floral initiatione0
Direction
acceleratede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Application of 20 mg L-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or 10 mg L-1 benzyladenine (BA) significantly accelerated floral initiation in juvenile plants and enhanced flower develoment in mature plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1139–1333 · show in text ↑
e1

“The flower development of Siam Tulip”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 518–554 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

BA at 10 mg L-1 significantly accelerated floral initiation in juvenile plants.

Taxon
Siam Tulipe1
Organ / stage
juvenile plantse0
Treatment
10 mg L-1 benzyladenine (BA)e0
Outcome
floral initiatione0
Direction
acceleratede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Application of 20 mg L-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or 10 mg L-1 benzyladenine (BA) significantly accelerated floral initiation in juvenile plants and enhanced flower develoment in mature plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1139–1333 · show in text ↑
e1

“The flower development of Siam Tulip”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 518–554 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

IAA at 20 mg L-1 enhanced flower development in mature plants.

Taxon
Siam Tulipe1
Organ / stage
mature plantse0
Treatment
20 mg L-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)e0
Outcome
flower develomente0
Direction
enhancede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Application of 20 mg L-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or 10 mg L-1 benzyladenine (BA) significantly accelerated floral initiation in juvenile plants and enhanced flower develoment in mature plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1139–1333 · show in text ↑
e1

“The flower development of Siam Tulip”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 518–554 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

BA at 10 mg L-1 enhanced flower development in mature plants.

Taxon
Siam Tulipe1
Organ / stage
mature plantse0
Treatment
10 mg L-1 benzyladenine (BA)e0
Outcome
flower develomente0
Direction
enhancede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Application of 20 mg L-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or 10 mg L-1 benzyladenine (BA) significantly accelerated floral initiation in juvenile plants and enhanced flower develoment in mature plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1139–1333 · show in text ↑
e1

“The flower development of Siam Tulip”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 518–554 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Gibberellic acid at 20 mg L-1 promoted inflorescence stem elongation.

Taxon
Siam Tulipe1
Treatment
20 mg L-1 gibberellic acide0
Outcome
elongation of the inflorescence steme0
Direction
promotede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“treatment with 20 mg L-1 gibberellic acid promoted the elongation of the inflorescence stem”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1349–1440 · show in text ↑
e1

“The flower development of Siam Tulip”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 518–554 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors suggest suitable growth regulator treatments to accelerate Siam tulip flowering for commercial use.

Taxon
C. alismatifoliaCurcuma alismatifoliae0
Treatment
appropriate PGR treatmentse0
Outcome
accelerate floweringe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Curcuma alismatifolia
Curcuma alismatifolia · TaxonAhoerstemeier ( talk ) ( Uploads ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“appropriate PGR treatments can effectively accelerate flowering in C. alismatifolia, thereby enhancing its commercial potential”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1470–1597 · show in text ↑