Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are recognized for their ability to mitigate the effects of zinc (Zn) stress in plants, though the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings were exposed to varying levels of Zn stress (0, 500, and 1000 mg · kg - 1 ) with or without inoculation of Rhizophagus irregularis to explore how AMF symbiosis affects Zn uptake, phosphorus (P) acquisition, abscisic acid (ABA) distribution, and photosynthetic performance. Compared with the control, 500 mg · kg -1 Zn reduced shoot and root biomass by 35% and 28%, respectively, whereas 1000 mg · kg -1 Zn caused stronger inhibition, with reductions of 60.8% and 56.0%. Root P decreased by 25% and 40%, ABA distribution was altered, and photosynthetic rate and PSII efficiency declined. AMF inoculation mitigated these effects: Zn accumulation in roots and shoots decreased by 35%, with higher root-to-shoot Zn ratios, which indicates enhanced Zn sequestration in roots. AMF-colonized plants also showed improved P uptake (40.4%-75.1%), increased ABA levels in roots (52.5%-169.6%), and alleviated reductions in biomass, net photosynthetic rate, and PSII efficiency under Zn stress. Additionally, the expression of photosynthesis-related genes ( RprbcS , RppsbA , and RppsbD ) was significantly upregulated in AMF-colonized plants. These findings suggest that AMF enhance tolerance to Zn stress in Robinia pseudoacacia by limiting Zn translocation to shoots, improving P acquisition, modulating ABA allocation, and maintaining photosynthetic efficiency. • Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mitigated zinc-induced growth inhibition and photosynthetic decline in Robinia pseudoacacia. • Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis restricted zinc translocation from roots to shoots and improved zinc sequestration in roots. • Mycorrhizal plants exhibited enhanced phosphorus uptake and altered abscisic acid distribution under zinc stress. • Upregulation of RprbcS , RppsbA , and RppsbD genes helped maintain photosynthetic efficiency in mycorrhizal-treated plants. • The findings provide insight into arbuscular mycorrhizal-mediated zinc tolerance mechanisms via nutrient regulation and hormonal balance.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with the control, 500 mg · kg -1 Zn reduced shoot biomass by 35%.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacacia
Robinia pseudoacaciae0 - Organ / stage
- shoote1
- Treatment
- 500 mg · kg -1 Zne1
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 35%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings were exposed to varying levels of Zn stress”
e1“Compared with the control, 500 mg · kg -1 Zn reduced shoot and root biomass by 35% and 28%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with the control, 500 mg · kg -1 Zn reduced root biomass by 28%.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciae0
- Organ / stage
- roote1
- Treatment
- 500 mg · kg -1 Zne1
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 28%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings were exposed to varying levels of Zn stress”
e1“Compared with the control, 500 mg · kg -1 Zn reduced shoot and root biomass by 35% and 28%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
1000 mg · kg -1 Zn caused stronger inhibition of shoot biomass, by 60.8%.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciae0
- Organ / stage
- shoote1
- Treatment
- 1000 mg · kg -1 Zne2
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- reductionse2
- Value
- 60.8%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings were exposed to varying levels of Zn stress”
e1“Compared with the control, 500 mg · kg -1 Zn reduced shoot and root biomass by 35% and 28%, respectively”
e2“whereas 1000 mg · kg -1 Zn caused stronger inhibition, with reductions of 60.8% and 56.0%”
Claim · model-written summary
1000 mg · kg -1 Zn caused stronger inhibition of root biomass, by 56.0%.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciae0
- Organ / stage
- roote1
- Treatment
- 1000 mg · kg -1 Zne2
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- reductionse2
- Value
- 56.0%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings were exposed to varying levels of Zn stress”
e1“Compared with the control, 500 mg · kg -1 Zn reduced shoot and root biomass by 35% and 28%, respectively”
e2“whereas 1000 mg · kg -1 Zn caused stronger inhibition, with reductions of 60.8% and 56.0%”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn stress decreased root P by 25%.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciae0
- Treatment
- Zn stresse0
- Outcome
- Root Pe3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 25%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings were exposed to varying levels of Zn stress”
e3“Root P decreased by 25% and 40%”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn stress decreased root P by 40%.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciae0
- Treatment
- Zn stresse0
- Outcome
- Root Pe3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 40%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings were exposed to varying levels of Zn stress”
e3“Root P decreased by 25% and 40%”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn stress altered ABA distribution in Robinia pseudoacacia.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciae0
- Treatment
- Zn stresse0
- Outcome
- ABA distributione5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings were exposed to varying levels of Zn stress”
e5“ABA distribution was altered, and photosynthetic rate and PSII efficiency declined”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn stress declined photosynthetic rate and PSII efficiency in Robinia pseudoacacia.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciae0
- Treatment
- Zn stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rate and PSII efficiencye5
- Direction
- declinede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings were exposed to varying levels of Zn stress”
e5“ABA distribution was altered, and photosynthetic rate and PSII efficiency declined”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation decreased Zn accumulation in roots and shoots by 35%.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciae0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione6
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularis
Rhizophagus irregularise4symbiont - Outcome
- Zn accumulation in roots and shootse6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- 35%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings were exposed to varying levels of Zn stress”
e4“with or without inoculation of Rhizophagus irregularis”
e6“AMF inoculation mitigated these effects: Zn accumulation in roots and shoots decreased by 35%, with higher root-to-shoot Zn ratios, which indicates enhanced Zn sequestration in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation gave higher root-to-shoot Zn ratios in Robinia pseudoacacia.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciae0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione6
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularise4symbiont
- Outcome
- root-to-shoot Zn ratiose6
- Direction
- highere6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings were exposed to varying levels of Zn stress”
e4“with or without inoculation of Rhizophagus irregularis”
e6“AMF inoculation mitigated these effects: Zn accumulation in roots and shoots decreased by 35%, with higher root-to-shoot Zn ratios, which indicates enhanced Zn sequestration in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF-colonized Robinia pseudoacacia plants showed improved P uptake (40.4%-75.1%) under Zn stress.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciae0
- Treatment
- AMF-colonized plantse7
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularise4symbiont
- Outcome
- P uptakee7
- Direction
- improvede7
- Value
- 40.4%-75.1%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings were exposed to varying levels of Zn stress”
e4“with or without inoculation of Rhizophagus irregularis”
e7“AMF-colonized plants also showed improved P uptake (40.4%-75.1%), increased ABA levels in roots (52.5%-169.6%), and alleviated reductions in biomass, net photosynthetic rate, and PSII efficiency under Zn stress”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF-colonized Robinia pseudoacacia plants had increased ABA levels in roots (52.5%-169.6%) under Zn stress.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse7
- Treatment
- AMF-colonized plantse7
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularise4symbiont
- Outcome
- ABA levels in rootse7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 52.5%-169.6%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings were exposed to varying levels of Zn stress”
e4“with or without inoculation of Rhizophagus irregularis”
e7“AMF-colonized plants also showed improved P uptake (40.4%-75.1%), increased ABA levels in roots (52.5%-169.6%), and alleviated reductions in biomass, net photosynthetic rate, and PSII efficiency under Zn stress”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF-colonized plants alleviated Zn-stress reductions in biomass, net photosynthetic rate and PSII efficiency.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciae0
- Treatment
- AMF-colonized plantse7
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularise4symbiont
- Outcome
- reductions in biomass, net photosynthetic rate, and PSII efficiencye7
- Direction
- alleviatede7
- Qualifier
- under Zn stresse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings were exposed to varying levels of Zn stress”
e4“with or without inoculation of Rhizophagus irregularis”
e7“AMF-colonized plants also showed improved P uptake (40.4%-75.1%), increased ABA levels in roots (52.5%-169.6%), and alleviated reductions in biomass, net photosynthetic rate, and PSII efficiency under Zn stress”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF-colonized plants significantly upregulated RprbcS expression.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciae0
- Treatment
- AMF-colonized plantse5
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularise4symbiont
- Gene
- RprbcSe5
- Outcome
- expression of photosynthesis-related genese5
- Direction
- upregulatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings were exposed to varying levels of Zn stress”
e4“with or without inoculation of Rhizophagus irregularis”
e5“the expression of photosynthesis-related genes ( RprbcS , RppsbA , and RppsbD ) was significantly upregulated in AMF-colonized plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF-colonized plants significantly upregulated RppsbA expression.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciae0
- Treatment
- AMF-colonized plantse5
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularise4symbiont
- Gene
- RppsbAe5
- Outcome
- expression of photosynthesis-related genese5
- Direction
- upregulatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings were exposed to varying levels of Zn stress”
e4“with or without inoculation of Rhizophagus irregularis”
e5“the expression of photosynthesis-related genes ( RprbcS , RppsbA , and RppsbD ) was significantly upregulated in AMF-colonized plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF-colonized plants significantly upregulated RppsbD expression.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciae0
- Treatment
- AMF-colonized plantse5
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularise4symbiont
- Gene
- RppsbDe5
- Outcome
- expression of photosynthesis-related genese5
- Direction
- upregulatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings were exposed to varying levels of Zn stress”
e4“with or without inoculation of Rhizophagus irregularis”
e5“the expression of photosynthesis-related genes ( RprbcS , RppsbA , and RppsbD ) was significantly upregulated in AMF-colonized plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF enhance tolerance to Zn stress in Robinia pseudoacacia by limiting Zn translocation to shoots, improving P acquisition, modulating ABA allocation and maintaining photosynthetic efficiency.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciae5
- Outcome
- tolerance to Zn stresse5
- Qualifier
- limiting Zn translocation to shoots, improving P acquisition, modulating ABA allocation, and maintaining photosynthetic efficiencye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“These findings suggest that AMF enhance tolerance to Zn stress in Robinia pseudoacacia by limiting Zn translocation to shoots, improving P acquisition, modulating ABA allocation, and maintaining photosynthetic efficiency”
The same questions in other papers
heavy metal · physiology: photosynthesis · Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
mycorrhiza · Rhizophagus irregularis · Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.