Abstract
Achillea fragrantissima is a medicinal herb valued for its essential oils and bioactive compounds. Microalgae, such as Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris, show considerable promise as natural biostimulants due to their high levels of protein, minerals, vitamins, and fatty acids. The individual or compound effects of S. platensis and C. vulgaris on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and essential oil composition of A. fragrantissima in vitro were measured in this study. According to chemical analysis, S. platensis contains large amounts of protein and several minerals, including phosphorus, manganese, and iron. Conversely, C. vulgaris showed a higher percentage of carbohydrates, lipids, phytol, aldehydes, and fatty acid esters. The combination of 1.0 g·L−1 S. platensis and 0.5 g·L−1 C. vulgaris tended to stimulate callus formation. Meanwhile, the 0.5 g·L−1 C. vulgaris treatment enhanced shoot and leaf development and increased total photosynthetic pigment content. Analysis of essential oils from A. fragrantissima produced under different treatments demonstrated that combined treatments with S. platensis and C. vulgaris had greatly improved the valuable bioactive substances, such as phytol, oleic acid, 2H-pyran, and thymine. These results show the effectiveness of using S. platensis and C. vulgaris extracts as eco-friendly biostimulants.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of 1.0 g·L−1 S. platensis and 0.5 g·L−1 C. vulgaris tended to stimulate callus formation.
- Taxon
- Achillea fragrantissima
Achillea fragrantissimat0 - Treatment
- combination of 1.0 g·L−1 S. platensis and 0.5 g·L−1 C. vulgarise1
- Interactor
- S. platensis
Limnospira platensise1other - Second interactor
- C. vulgaris
Chlorella vulgarise1other - Outcome
- callus formatione1
- Direction
- stimulatee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The combination of 1.0 g·L−1 S. platensis and 0.5 g·L−1 C. vulgaris tended to stimulate callus formation”
t0“Achillea fragrantissima In Vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.5 g·L−1 C. vulgaris treatment enhanced shoot and leaf development.
- Taxon
- Achillea fragrantissimaAchillea fragrantissimat0
- Treatment
- 0.5 g·L−1 C. vulgarise2
- Interactor
- C. vulgarisChlorella vulgarise2other
- Outcome
- shoot and leaf developmente2
- Direction
- enhancede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the 0.5 g·L−1 C. vulgaris treatment enhanced shoot and leaf development and increased total photosynthetic pigment content”
t0“Achillea fragrantissima In Vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.5 g·L−1 C. vulgaris treatment increased total photosynthetic pigment content.
- Taxon
- Achillea fragrantissimaAchillea fragrantissimat0
- Treatment
- 0.5 g·L−1 C. vulgarise2
- Interactor
- C. vulgarisChlorella vulgarise2other
- Outcome
- total photosynthetic pigment contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the 0.5 g·L−1 C. vulgaris treatment enhanced shoot and leaf development and increased total photosynthetic pigment content”
t0“Achillea fragrantissima In Vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
S. platensis contains large amounts of protein and several minerals.
- Taxon
- Achillea fragrantissimaAchillea fragrantissimat0
- Interactor
- S. platensisLimnospira platensise3other
- Outcome
- large amounts of protein and several mineralse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“S. platensis contains large amounts of protein and several minerals, including phosphorus, manganese, and iron”
t0“Achillea fragrantissima In Vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
C. vulgaris had a higher percentage of carbohydrates and lipids.
- Taxon
- Achillea fragrantissimaAchillea fragrantissimat0
- Interactor
- C. vulgarisChlorella vulgarise4other
- Outcome
- percentage of carbohydrates, lipidse4
- Direction
- highere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“C. vulgaris showed a higher percentage of carbohydrates, lipids, phytol, aldehydes, and fatty acid esters”
t0“Achillea fragrantissima In Vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
C. vulgaris had a higher percentage of phytol, aldehydes and fatty acid esters.
- Taxon
- Achillea fragrantissimaAchillea fragrantissimat0
- Interactor
- C. vulgarisChlorella vulgarise4other
- Outcome
- phytol, aldehydes, and fatty acid esterse4
- Direction
- highere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“C. vulgaris showed a higher percentage of carbohydrates, lipids, phytol, aldehydes, and fatty acid esters”
t0“Achillea fragrantissima In Vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined S. platensis and C. vulgaris treatments greatly improved phytol, oleic acid and 2H-pyran in the essential oil.
- Taxon
- Achillea fragrantissimaAchillea fragrantissimat0
- Treatment
- combined treatments with S. platensis and C. vulgarise5
- Interactor
- S. platensisLimnospira platensise5other
- Second interactor
- C. vulgarisChlorella vulgarise5other
- Outcome
- phytol, oleic acid, 2H-pyrane5
- Direction
- greatly improvede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“combined treatments with S. platensis and C. vulgaris had greatly improved the valuable bioactive substances, such as phytol, oleic acid, 2H-pyran, and thymine”
t0“Achillea fragrantissima In Vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined S. platensis and C. vulgaris treatments greatly improved thymine in the essential oil.
- Taxon
- Achillea fragrantissimaAchillea fragrantissimat0
- Treatment
- combined treatments with S. platensis and C. vulgarise5
- Interactor
- S. platensisLimnospira platensise5other
- Second interactor
- C. vulgarisChlorella vulgarise5other
- Outcome
- thyminee5
- Direction
- greatly improvede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“combined treatments with S. platensis and C. vulgaris had greatly improved the valuable bioactive substances, such as phytol, oleic acid, 2H-pyran, and thymine”
t0“Achillea fragrantissima In Vitro”