Abstract
Yellow-flowering camellias are rare and endangered shrubs or small trees. Due to the limited access to seeds, clonal propagation via stem cutting is the commonly used method. Although adventitious root formation is essential for cuttings to survive, this process is complex and has not been molecularly studied in a yellow camellia species. This study aimed to identify yellow camellia candidate genes involved in adventitious root development by de novo assembly of publicly available RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) reads from leaf, flower, fruit, and root of Camellia nitidissima . Also known as Camellia chrysantha , C. nitidissima is one of the most well-known yellow camellia species. A group of 310 transcript isoforms was annotated to be auxin responsive, representing 50 genes. Many of these genes are known to be involved in adventitious root development in other species. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses of some known rooting genes revealed their differential expression among different tissue types and during adventitious root development in C. nitidissima cuttings. Notably, AGO1 , ANT , ARF8 , GH3.5 , and GH3.6 displayed a higher expression in adventitious roots than in other tissue types. During adventitious root development, the expression of both IAR4 and PP2A increased after 0 day in the basal part of cuttings, except at 27 days after excision. Although the expression of ANT was the highest on 0 day, it exhibited an increasing trend as adventitious roots developed. In addition, our study showed that leaf tissue contained the highest level of hydrogen peroxide, followed by flower and stem. Their peroxidase activity displayed the opposite trend. C. nitidissima cuttings contained a similar level of lignin per dry weight to easy-to-root poplar cuttings, with a closed and lignified cork structure, which may interfere with the emergence of adventitious roots. The study provides the first insights into a yellow camellia’s potential rooting genes and advances the understanding of adventitious rooting.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The assembly annotated 310 auxin-responsive transcript isoforms representing 50 genes.
- Taxon
- C. nitidissima
_-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%8B%95%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92_Hong_Kong_Botanical_Garden-_(9216112014).jpg?width=60)
Camellia nitidissimat0 - Outcome
- auxin responsivee0
- Value
- 310 transcript isoformse0
- Qualifier
- 50 genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%8B%95%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92_Hong_Kong_Botanical_Garden-_(9216112014).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“A group of 310 transcript isoforms was annotated to be auxin responsive, representing 50 genes.”
t0“C. nitidissima”
Claim · model-written summary
Known rooting genes differed in expression among tissues and during adventitious root development.
- Taxon
- C. nitidissimaCamellia nitidissimae0
- Organ / stage
- different tissue typese0
- Outcome
- differential expressione0
- Direction
- differentiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses of some known rooting genes revealed their differential expression among different tissue types and during adventitious root development in C. nitidissima cuttings.”
Claim · model-written summary
AGO1, ANT and ARF8 had higher expression in adventitious roots than in other tissues.
- Taxon
- C. nitidissimaCamellia nitidissimat0
- Organ / stage
- adventitious rootse0
- Gene
- AGO1e0
- Outcome
- higher expressione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other tissue typese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AGO1 , ANT , ARF8 , GH3.5 , and GH3.6 displayed a higher expression in adventitious roots than in other tissue types.”
t0“C. nitidissima”
Claim · model-written summary
GH3.5 and GH3.6 had higher expression in adventitious roots than in other tissues.
- Taxon
- C. nitidissimaCamellia nitidissimat0
- Organ / stage
- adventitious rootse0
- Gene
- GH3.5e0
- Outcome
- higher expressione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other tissue typese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AGO1 , ANT , ARF8 , GH3.5 , and GH3.6 displayed a higher expression in adventitious roots than in other tissue types.”
t0“C. nitidissima”
Claim · model-written summary
IAR4 expression increased after day zero except at day 27.
- Taxon
- C. nitidissimaCamellia nitidissimat0
- Organ / stage
- basal part of cuttingse0
- Gene
- IAR4e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except at 27 days after excisione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of both IAR4 and PP2A increased after 0 day in the basal part of cuttings, except at 27 days after excision.”
t0“C. nitidissima”
Claim · model-written summary
PP2A expression increased after day zero except at day 27.
- Taxon
- C. nitidissimaCamellia nitidissimat0
- Organ / stage
- basal part of cuttingse0
- Gene
- PP2Ae0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except at 27 days after excisione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of both IAR4 and PP2A increased after 0 day in the basal part of cuttings, except at 27 days after excision.”
t0“C. nitidissima”
Claim · model-written summary
ANT expression was highest on day zero and then tended to increase during adventitious rooting.
- Taxon
- C. nitidissimaCamellia nitidissimat0
- Organ / stage
- adventitious rootse0
- Gene
- ANTe0
- Outcome
- expression of ANTe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- highest on 0 daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although the expression of ANT was the highest on 0 day, it exhibited an increasing trend as adventitious roots developed.”
t0“C. nitidissima”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf tissue had the highest hydrogen peroxide level, followed by flower and stem.
- Taxon
- C. nitidissimaCamellia nitidissimat0
- Organ / stage
- leaf tissuee0
- Outcome
- level of hydrogen peroxidee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- flower and steme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf tissue contained the highest level of hydrogen peroxide, followed by flower and stem.”
t0“C. nitidissima”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase activity showed the opposite tissue pattern to hydrogen peroxide.
- Taxon
- C. nitidissimaCamellia nitidissimat0
- Gene
- peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- opposite trende0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Their peroxidase activity displayed the opposite trend.”
t0“C. nitidissima”
Claim · model-written summary
Cuttings had lignin per dry weight similar to easy-to-root poplar cuttings.
- Taxon
- C. nitidissimaCamellia nitidissimae0
- Outcome
- level of lignin per dry weighte0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- easy-to-root poplar cuttingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. nitidissima cuttings contained a similar level of lignin per dry weight to easy-to-root poplar cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cuttings had a closed, lignified cork structure that may impede root emergence.
- Taxon
- C. nitidissimaCamellia nitidissimat0
- Organ / stage
- cork structuree0
- Outcome
- emergence of adventitious rootse0
- Qualifier
- may interferee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with a closed and lignified cork structure, which may interfere with the emergence of adventitious roots.”
t0“C. nitidissima”