Abstract
Accurate maturity assessment is essential for sweet cherry quality, yet standardized indicators remain limited. This study characterized five maturity stages across a 12-day harvest for red ‘Tieton’ and yellow ‘Caiyu’ cultivars using integrated colorimetry, physicochemical analyses, and metabolomics. In ‘Tieton’, early stages showed rapid increases in redness ( a* from 26.1 to 34.8), sugar accumulation, flesh softening, and fruit enlargement. Later stages featured exponential anthocyanin accumulation (from 0.338 U to 2.500 U), which markedly decreased redness ( a* ), yellowness ( b* ), and chroma ( C* ), producing a darker appearance. Metabolomic profiling revealed that activation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway closely paralleled visual color changes, confirming epicarp color as a reliable indicator of ripeness. Strong correlations between color indices and key quality parameters enabled highly accurate maturity prediction models using CIE L*a*b* ( R 2 = 0.915, MAE = 0.285) or L*C*h° ( R 2 = 0.909, MAE = 0.289). In contrast, ‘Caiyu’ exhibited weak associations between epicarp color and internal attributes, requiring a multi-parameter approach for maturity evaluation. Overall, this work establishes a theoretical and technical framework for maturity determination in red sweet cherries, supporting improved postharvest quality control and smart harvesting. • Color parameters were strongly correlated to physicochemical changes for red sweet cherry. • Parameters L * and h° could precisely differentiate each ripening state. • Anthocyanin metabolism dominates ripening, synchronized with color development. • Prediction models for ripening rating were established including color as independent variables.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Early Tieton stages showed redness rising from 26.1 to 34.8.
- Taxon
- sweet cherry
Prunus aviumt0 - Material
- ‘Tieton’e0
- Organ / stage
- early stagese0
- Outcome
- rednesse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 26.1 to 34.8e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In ‘Tieton’, early stages showed rapid increases in redness ( a* from 26.1 to 34.8)”
t0“sweet cherry”
e1“This study characterized five maturity stages across a 12-day harvest for red ‘Tieton’ and yellow ‘Caiyu’ cultivars using integrated colorimetry, physicochemical analyses, and metabolomics.”
Claim · model-written summary
Early Tieton stages showed sugar accumulation, flesh softening and fruit enlargement.
- Taxon
- sweet cherryPrunus aviumt0
- Material
- ‘Tieton’e1
- Outcome
- sugar accumulation, flesh softening, and fruit enlargemente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sugar accumulation, flesh softening, and fruit enlargement”
t0“sweet cherry”
e1“This study characterized five maturity stages across a 12-day harvest for red ‘Tieton’ and yellow ‘Caiyu’ cultivars using integrated colorimetry, physicochemical analyses, and metabolomics.”
Claim · model-written summary
Later Tieton stages showed anthocyanin accumulation from 0.338 U to 2.500 U.
- Taxon
- sweet cherryPrunus aviumt0
- Material
- ‘Tieton’e1
- Organ / stage
- Later stagese0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin accumulatione0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
- Value
- 0.338 U to 2.500 Ue0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Later stages featured exponential anthocyanin accumulation (from 0.338 U to 2.500 U)”
t0“sweet cherry”
e1“This study characterized five maturity stages across a 12-day harvest for red ‘Tieton’ and yellow ‘Caiyu’ cultivars using integrated colorimetry, physicochemical analyses, and metabolomics.”
Claim · model-written summary
Later anthocyanin accumulation decreased redness, yellowness and chroma and darkened Tieton fruit.
- Taxon
- sweet cherryPrunus aviumt0
- Material
- ‘Tieton’e1
- Organ / stage
- Later stagese2
- Outcome
- redness ( a* ), yellowness ( b* ), and chroma ( C* )e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which markedly decreased redness ( a* ), yellowness ( b* ), and chroma ( C* ), producing a darker appearance”
t0“sweet cherry”
e1“This study characterized five maturity stages across a 12-day harvest for red ‘Tieton’ and yellow ‘Caiyu’ cultivars using integrated colorimetry, physicochemical analyses, and metabolomics.”
e2“Later stages featured exponential anthocyanin accumulation (from 0.338 U to 2.500 U)”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthocyanin biosynthesis activation closely paralleled visual color changes.
- Taxon
- sweet cherryPrunus aviumt0
- Material
- ‘Tieton’e1
- Organ / stage
- epicarpe2
- Outcome
- visual color changese0
- Qualifier
- activation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathwaye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway closely paralleled visual color changes”
t0“sweet cherry”
e1“This study characterized five maturity stages across a 12-day harvest for red ‘Tieton’ and yellow ‘Caiyu’ cultivars using integrated colorimetry, physicochemical analyses, and metabolomics.”
e2“‘Caiyu’ exhibited weak associations between epicarp color and internal attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
Color indices were strongly correlated with key quality parameters.
- Taxon
- sweet cherryPrunus aviumt0
- Material
- ‘Tieton’e1
- Outcome
- key quality parameterse0
- Qualifier
- color indicese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strong correlations between color indices and key quality parameters”
t0“sweet cherry”
e1“This study characterized five maturity stages across a 12-day harvest for red ‘Tieton’ and yellow ‘Caiyu’ cultivars using integrated colorimetry, physicochemical analyses, and metabolomics.”
Claim · model-written summary
A CIE L*a*b* model predicted maturity with R 2 = 0.915 and MAE = 0.285.
- Taxon
- sweet cherryPrunus aviumt0
- Material
- ‘Tieton’e1
- Outcome
- maturity predictione0
- Value
- R 2 = 0.915, MAE = 0.285e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maturity prediction models using CIE L*a*b* ( R 2 = 0.915, MAE = 0.285)”
t0“sweet cherry”
e1“This study characterized five maturity stages across a 12-day harvest for red ‘Tieton’ and yellow ‘Caiyu’ cultivars using integrated colorimetry, physicochemical analyses, and metabolomics.”
Claim · model-written summary
An L*C*h° model predicted maturity with R 2 = 0.909 and MAE = 0.289.
- Taxon
- sweet cherryPrunus aviumt0
- Material
- ‘Tieton’e1
- Outcome
- maturity predictione2
- Value
- R 2 = 0.909, MAE = 0.289e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“L*C*h° ( R 2 = 0.909, MAE = 0.289)”
t0“sweet cherry”
e1“This study characterized five maturity stages across a 12-day harvest for red ‘Tieton’ and yellow ‘Caiyu’ cultivars using integrated colorimetry, physicochemical analyses, and metabolomics.”
e2“maturity prediction models using CIE L*a*b* ( R 2 = 0.915, MAE = 0.285)”
Claim · model-written summary
Caiyu showed weak associations between epicarp color and internal attributes.
- Taxon
- sweet cherryPrunus aviumt0
- Material
- ‘Caiyu’e0
- Organ / stage
- epicarpe0
- Outcome
- internal attributese0
- Qualifier
- epicarp colore0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Caiyu’ exhibited weak associations between epicarp color and internal attributes”
t0“sweet cherry”
e1“This study characterized five maturity stages across a 12-day harvest for red ‘Tieton’ and yellow ‘Caiyu’ cultivars using integrated colorimetry, physicochemical analyses, and metabolomics.”
Claim · model-written summary
Caiyu maturity evaluation requires multiple parameters.
- Taxon
- sweet cherryPrunus aviumt0
- Material
- ‘Caiyu’e1
- Outcome
- multi-parameter approach for maturity evaluatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“requiring a multi-parameter approach for maturity evaluation”
t0“sweet cherry”
e1“This study characterized five maturity stages across a 12-day harvest for red ‘Tieton’ and yellow ‘Caiyu’ cultivars using integrated colorimetry, physicochemical analyses, and metabolomics.”
Claim · model-written summary
L * and h° precisely differentiated each ripening state.
- Taxon
- sweet cherryPrunus aviumt0
- Outcome
- differentiate each ripening statee0
- Qualifier
- Parameters L * and h°e0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Parameters L * and h° could precisely differentiate each ripening state”
t0“sweet cherry”
e1“This study characterized five maturity stages across a 12-day harvest for red ‘Tieton’ and yellow ‘Caiyu’ cultivars using integrated colorimetry, physicochemical analyses, and metabolomics.”