Abstract
• Genome-wide identification of five NHX genes in finger millet ( Eleusine coracana ) • EcNHX genes classified into vacuolar and plasma membrane NHX subfamilies. • Conserved NHX domains and structural features identified across EcNHX proteins. • Predicted interaction networks suggest coordinated roles in ion homeostasis. • Distinct temporal expression patterns of EcNHXs under salt stress. Salt stress poses a serious challenge to agricultural productivity, so it’s important to identify stress resilient genes in underutilized cereals like finger millet ( Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.). In this study, we identified and characterized five EcNHX genes that encode Na + /H + antiporters and examining their physicochemical properties, structural features and regulatory elements. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that EcNHX1 - EcNHX4 are located in the vacuolar (Vac), while EcNHX5 is located in the plasma membrane (PM). Phylogenetic tree classified them into vac and PM NHX groups, with no members present in the endosomal class. Structural analysis confirmed that all the identified NHXs contain NHX protein domains. Furthermore, three-dimensional structural modeling suggested that all EcNHXs share structural features characteristic of Na + /H + antiporters. Protein-Protein interaction networks suggest that EcNHXs interact with major ion transporters, which indicating coordinated roles in ion homeostasis. Gene expression analysis of identified NHXs under salt stress exhibits early upregulation of EcNHX1-3 and late upregulation of EcNHX4-5 . These results suggested that NHX genes were involved in both immediate and long-term stress responses. Overall, this study enhances our knowledge of the structural and functional variations within the NHX gene family in finger millet and highlights potential candidate genes for future functional validation aimed at enhancing salt tolerance through crop improvement programs.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Five EcNHX genes encoding Na+/H+ antiporters were identified in finger millet.
- Taxon
- finger millet
Eleusine coracanat0 - Gene
- EcNHXe1
- Outcome
- identified and characterized five EcNHX genese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Genome-wide identification and validation of Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) gene family in finger millet under salt stress”
e1“we identified and characterized five EcNHX genes that encode Na + /H + antiporters”
Claim · model-written summary
EcNHX1 to EcNHX4 were located in the vacuole.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanat0
- Gene
- EcNHX1 - EcNHX4e2
- Outcome
- Subcellular localizatione2
- Qualifier
- located in the vacuolar (Vac)e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Genome-wide identification and validation of Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) gene family in finger millet under salt stress”
e2“Subcellular localization analysis revealed that EcNHX1 - EcNHX4 are located in the vacuolar (Vac), while EcNHX5 is located in the plasma membrane (PM)”
Claim · model-written summary
EcNHX5 was located in the plasma membrane.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanat0
- Gene
- EcNHX5e2
- Outcome
- Subcellular localizatione2
- Qualifier
- located in the plasma membrane (PM)e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Genome-wide identification and validation of Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) gene family in finger millet under salt stress”
e2“Subcellular localization analysis revealed that EcNHX1 - EcNHX4 are located in the vacuolar (Vac), while EcNHX5 is located in the plasma membrane (PM)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phylogenetic analysis classified the EcNHXs into vacuolar and plasma membrane NHX groups, with no endosomal members.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanat0
- Outcome
- classified them into vac and PM NHX groupse3
- Qualifier
- with no members present in the endosomal classe3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Genome-wide identification and validation of Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) gene family in finger millet under salt stress”
e3“Phylogenetic tree classified them into vac and PM NHX groups, with no members present in the endosomal class”
Claim · model-written summary
All identified NHX proteins contain NHX protein domains.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanat0
- Outcome
- contain NHX protein domainse4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Genome-wide identification and validation of Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) gene family in finger millet under salt stress”
e4“Structural analysis confirmed that all the identified NHXs contain NHX protein domains”
Claim · model-written summary
Three-dimensional structural modeling suggested that all EcNHXs share structural features characteristic of Na+/H+ antiporters.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanat0
- Gene
- EcNHXse5
- Outcome
- share structural features characteristic of Na + /H + antiporterse5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Genome-wide identification and validation of Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) gene family in finger millet under salt stress”
e5“three-dimensional structural modeling suggested that all EcNHXs share structural features characteristic of Na + /H + antiporters”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein-protein interaction networks suggest that EcNHXs interact with major ion transporters.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanat0
- Gene
- EcNHXse6
- Outcome
- interact with major ion transporterse6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Genome-wide identification and validation of Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) gene family in finger millet under salt stress”
e6“Protein-Protein interaction networks suggest that EcNHXs interact with major ion transporters”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, EcNHX1-3 showed early upregulation.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanat0
- Treatment
- salt stresse7
- Gene
- EcNHX1-3e7
- Outcome
- Gene expressione7
- Direction
- upregulatione7
- Qualifier
- earlye7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Genome-wide identification and validation of Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) gene family in finger millet under salt stress”
e7“Gene expression analysis of identified NHXs under salt stress exhibits early upregulation of EcNHX1-3 and late upregulation of EcNHX4-5”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, EcNHX4-5 showed late upregulation.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanat0
- Treatment
- salt stresse7
- Gene
- EcNHX4-5e7
- Outcome
- Gene expressione7
- Direction
- upregulatione7
- Qualifier
- latee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Genome-wide identification and validation of Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) gene family in finger millet under salt stress”
e7“Gene expression analysis of identified NHXs under salt stress exhibits early upregulation of EcNHX1-3 and late upregulation of EcNHX4-5”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · molecular: expression · Eleusine coracana (finger millet)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
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