Abstract
ABSTRACT The Irregular Shelterwood System (ISS) has recently been introduced in Nepalese community forests to promote sustainable regeneration of Shorea robusta (Sal). However, limited research exists on its ecological impacts and regeneration dynamics. This study examined regeneration patterns, soil properties, and environmental factors influencing S. robusta regeneration under the ISS in Baijalpur Community Forest, Kapilvastu District, Nepal. Using a stratified systematic random sampling design, data were collected from treated and untreated plots. Results showed a significantly higher density of seedlings (16,800 ha −1 ) and saplings (4693 ha −1 ) in treated plots compared to untreated areas (11,960 and 2688 ha −1 , respectively), indicating the effectiveness of ISS in enhancing regeneration. Most regeneration originated from seedlings rather than coppice shoots. Soil assessments revealed slightly acidic to neutral sandy loam soils, with higher organic matter (OM) and improved nutrient profiles in treated plots. Crown cover and organic carbon were negatively correlated with regeneration, suggesting that moderate canopy openings favor S. robusta establishment. These findings underscore the ecological importance of adaptive silvicultural practices for improving regeneration success, forest resilience, and sustainable community forestry in Nepal.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Treated plots had higher seedling density than untreated plots.
- Taxon
- Shorea robusta
Shorea robustat0 - Treatment
- treated plotse0
- Outcome
- density of seedlingse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 16,800 ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- 11,960 and 2688 ha −1e0
- Comparator
- untreated arease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Shorea robusta”
e0“Results showed a significantly higher density of seedlings (16,800 ha −1 ) and saplings (4693 ha −1 ) in treated plots compared to untreated areas (11,960 and 2688 ha −1 , respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated plots had higher sapling density than untreated plots.
- Taxon
- Shorea robustaShorea robustat0
- Treatment
- treated plotse0
- Outcome
- saplingse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4693 ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- 11,960 and 2688 ha −1e0
- Comparator
- untreated arease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Shorea robusta”
e0“Results showed a significantly higher density of seedlings (16,800 ha −1 ) and saplings (4693 ha −1 ) in treated plots compared to untreated areas (11,960 and 2688 ha −1 , respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Most regeneration came from seedlings rather than coppice shoots.
- Taxon
- Shorea robustaShorea robustat0
- Outcome
- regeneration originated from seedlings rather than coppice shootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Shorea robusta”
e0“Most regeneration originated from seedlings rather than coppice shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated plots had higher soil organic matter.
- Taxon
- Shorea robustaShorea robustat0
- Treatment
- treated plotse0
- Outcome
- organic mattere0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Shorea robusta”
e0“Soil assessments revealed slightly acidic to neutral sandy loam soils, with higher organic matter (OM) and improved nutrient profiles in treated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated plots had improved soil nutrient profiles.
- Taxon
- Shorea robustaShorea robustat0
- Treatment
- treated plotse0
- Outcome
- nutrient profilese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Shorea robusta”
e0“Soil assessments revealed slightly acidic to neutral sandy loam soils, with higher organic matter (OM) and improved nutrient profiles in treated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Regeneration was negatively correlated with crown cover.
- Taxon
- Shorea robustaShorea robustat0
- Organ / stage
- Crown covere0
- Outcome
- regeneratione0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Shorea robusta”
e0“Crown cover and organic carbon were negatively correlated with regeneration”
Claim · model-written summary
Regeneration was negatively correlated with organic carbon.
- Taxon
- Shorea robustaShorea robustat0
- Compound
- organic carbone0
- Outcome
- regeneratione0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Shorea robusta”
e0“Crown cover and organic carbon were negatively correlated with regeneration”